Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is tourism often referred to as, highlighting its dual nature?
A Janus-faced phenomenon
This term emphasizes that tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on societies.
What can lead to conflicts between tourists and residents?
Mismatched expectations
Conflicts can arise when tourists and residents have different expectations of each other.
What role does tourism play in host communities according to Frederick (1992)?
A catalyst for change
Tourism generates various impacts, especially in host communities.
Why is it important for governments to understand the social impacts of tourism?
To reduce potential community backlash
Understanding impacts helps in managing tourism development effectively.
How does the behavior of residents affect tourism success?
Residents are a fundamental part of the tourism product
Their attitudes and behaviors significantly influence the success or failure of a destination.
According to UNESCO, how is culture defined?
The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society
This definition encompasses art, lifestyle, traditions, and beliefs.
What are the two types of cultural heritage identified by UNESCO?
Tangible and intangible cultural heritages
Tangible includes physical artifacts, while intangible refers to practices and expressions.
List the six domains of tangible cultural heritage.
- Cultural and natural heritage
- Performance and celebration
- Visual arts and crafts
- Books and press
- Audio-visual and interactive media
- Design and creative services
These domains highlight different aspects of cultural heritage.
What is the definition of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) according to UNESCO?
Practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills recognized as part of cultural heritage
ICH is both traditional and living, transmitted across generations.
Name the five domains of intangible cultural heritage.
- Oral traditions and expressions
- Performing Arts
- Social practices, rituals, and festive events
- Knowledge and Practices concerning Nature and the Universe
- Traditional Craftsmanship
These domains represent various forms of intangible heritage.
What is cultural tourism?
Customized excursions into other cultures to learn about their people, lifestyle, and heritage
It emphasizes informed experiences that represent cultural values.
Define recreation in the context of tourism.
An activity undertaken for pleasure or relaxation
It includes various forms of entertainment, such as theme parks and gambling.
What are the stages of the cultural cycle impacted by tourism?
- Creation
- Production
- Dissemination
- Exhibition/Reception/Transmission
- Consumption/Participation
Each stage reflects how tourism interacts with and influences culture.
What does the demonstration effect in tourism refer to?
Locals imitating foreign tourists’ behavior
This can lead to changes in local customs and practices.
What is commodification in the context of tourism?
The process where cultural elements are presented for mass consumption by tourists
This can lead to the commercialization of culture.
How can tourism contribute to emotional well-being of residents?
By facilitating cultural exchange with tourists
Interactions with tourists can enhance residents’ emotional well-being.
What is one positive impact of tourism on cultural preservation?
Helps maintain cultural identity and transmit beliefs to future generations
Tourism can revitalize traditional arts and crafts.
How does tourism enhance education according to the text?
By broadening understanding of different cultures and self-awareness
Travel experiences provide valuable insights into various cultural practices.
What can be a negative impact of tourism on local cultures?
Cultural homogenization and loss of unique practices
Tourism can lead to standardization of cultural expressions and practices.
What does the term ‘trivialization’ refer to in the context of tourism?
Sacred cultural elements becoming trivialized
This occurs when culturally significant practices are commodified.
What is the effect of tourism-induced migration?
Alteration of local institutions and traditional practices
Migration can lead to changes in social structures within communities.
What is the demonstration effect in tourism?
It happens when locals imitate foreign tourists’ behavior simply by observing them.
What are the effects of loss of authenticity in tourism?
Cultural bastardization and trivialization of sacred meanings to locals.
Define commodification of culture.
The process where cultural elements are presented for mass consumption by tourists.
Who typically reinterprets local culture for tourists?
Outsiders such as tourists or tour operators.
Fill in the blank: Religion is one aspect of culture that easily gets _______.
commoditized.
What negative social issues are linked to the presence of outsiders in tourist areas?
Increased incidence of prostitution, crime, drug abuse, and alcoholism.
What is a common consequence for poor countries attracting sex tourists?
Local people may be taken advantage of due to their desperate situation.
Fill in the blank: Migrants to tourist destinations often face _______ from local residents.
ill feelings.
What negative impact does tourism have on local job markets?
Migrants take jobs from locals, leading to stronger polarization among social classes.
How does tourism exacerbate social divides in places like Peru and Cuba?
Exploitation of workers and fueling ethnic divisions and racism.
What is social displacement in the context of tourism?
Local residents may have to relocate due to outside investors buying prime property.
What psychological effect does tourism-related community stress have on residents?
Negative physical health consequences due to psychological stress.
How does tourism create inconvenience for local residents?
Crowding, congestion, longer queues, and competition for resources.
What does the Altruistic Surplus Principle suggest about local people’s attitudes toward tourism?
They will tolerate downside effects if perceived benefits are high.
What does Doxey’s Irritation Index (Irridex) illustrate?
Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts deteriorate over time.
What are the stages in Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TACL)?
Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation.
Fill in the blank: Negative attitudes toward tourism are associated with _______ tourism concentration.
heavy.
What types of tourists are classified as institutionalized tourists?
Mass, package tourists who experience the least cultural immersion.
Who are non-institutionalized tourists?
Drifters and explorers who seek cultural immersion and adventure.
What is enclave tourism?
Tourism practiced for political and security reasons, limiting tourist interactions.
How does the ratio of tourists to residents affect social interaction?
A larger ratio increases pressure on the host society and can lead to conflict.
What phenomenon is illustrated by tourists engaging in inappropriate behaviors in local areas?
Cultural insensitivity and disrespect towards local customs.
What are some examples of inappropriate tourist behavior?
Naked wandering, damaging sacred sites, and littering public areas.
What is the impact of tourism on the local environment, particularly in poor communities?
Negative consequences such as garbage dumps near impoverished areas leading to health issues.
Fill in the blank: The practice of hanging padlocks on bridges as a sign of love is known as the _______ phenomenon.
love lock.
What is the cyclical dependency created by tourism in developing communities?
Reliance on foreign cash flow for income generation and development.
