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Chapter 6 Sustainable > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is tourism often referred to as, highlighting its dual nature?

A

A Janus-faced phenomenon

This term emphasizes that tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on societies.

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2
Q

What can lead to conflicts between tourists and residents?

A

Mismatched expectations

Conflicts can arise when tourists and residents have different expectations of each other.

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3
Q

What role does tourism play in host communities according to Frederick (1992)?

A

A catalyst for change

Tourism generates various impacts, especially in host communities.

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4
Q

Why is it important for governments to understand the social impacts of tourism?

A

To reduce potential community backlash

Understanding impacts helps in managing tourism development effectively.

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5
Q

How does the behavior of residents affect tourism success?

A

Residents are a fundamental part of the tourism product

Their attitudes and behaviors significantly influence the success or failure of a destination.

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6
Q

According to UNESCO, how is culture defined?

A

The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of society

This definition encompasses art, lifestyle, traditions, and beliefs.

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7
Q

What are the two types of cultural heritage identified by UNESCO?

A

Tangible and intangible cultural heritages

Tangible includes physical artifacts, while intangible refers to practices and expressions.

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8
Q

List the six domains of tangible cultural heritage.

A
  • Cultural and natural heritage
  • Performance and celebration
  • Visual arts and crafts
  • Books and press
  • Audio-visual and interactive media
  • Design and creative services

These domains highlight different aspects of cultural heritage.

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9
Q

What is the definition of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) according to UNESCO?

A

Practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills recognized as part of cultural heritage

ICH is both traditional and living, transmitted across generations.

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10
Q

Name the five domains of intangible cultural heritage.

A
  • Oral traditions and expressions
  • Performing Arts
  • Social practices, rituals, and festive events
  • Knowledge and Practices concerning Nature and the Universe
  • Traditional Craftsmanship

These domains represent various forms of intangible heritage.

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11
Q

What is cultural tourism?

A

Customized excursions into other cultures to learn about their people, lifestyle, and heritage

It emphasizes informed experiences that represent cultural values.

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12
Q

Define recreation in the context of tourism.

A

An activity undertaken for pleasure or relaxation

It includes various forms of entertainment, such as theme parks and gambling.

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13
Q

What are the stages of the cultural cycle impacted by tourism?

A
  • Creation
  • Production
  • Dissemination
  • Exhibition/Reception/Transmission
  • Consumption/Participation

Each stage reflects how tourism interacts with and influences culture.

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14
Q

What does the demonstration effect in tourism refer to?

A

Locals imitating foreign tourists’ behavior

This can lead to changes in local customs and practices.

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15
Q

What is commodification in the context of tourism?

A

The process where cultural elements are presented for mass consumption by tourists

This can lead to the commercialization of culture.

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16
Q

How can tourism contribute to emotional well-being of residents?

A

By facilitating cultural exchange with tourists

Interactions with tourists can enhance residents’ emotional well-being.

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17
Q

What is one positive impact of tourism on cultural preservation?

A

Helps maintain cultural identity and transmit beliefs to future generations

Tourism can revitalize traditional arts and crafts.

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18
Q

How does tourism enhance education according to the text?

A

By broadening understanding of different cultures and self-awareness

Travel experiences provide valuable insights into various cultural practices.

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19
Q

What can be a negative impact of tourism on local cultures?

A

Cultural homogenization and loss of unique practices

Tourism can lead to standardization of cultural expressions and practices.

20
Q

What does the term ‘trivialization’ refer to in the context of tourism?

A

Sacred cultural elements becoming trivialized

This occurs when culturally significant practices are commodified.

21
Q

What is the effect of tourism-induced migration?

A

Alteration of local institutions and traditional practices

Migration can lead to changes in social structures within communities.

22
Q

What is the demonstration effect in tourism?

A

It happens when locals imitate foreign tourists’ behavior simply by observing them.

23
Q

What are the effects of loss of authenticity in tourism?

A

Cultural bastardization and trivialization of sacred meanings to locals.

24
Q

Define commodification of culture.

A

The process where cultural elements are presented for mass consumption by tourists.

25
Q

Who typically reinterprets local culture for tourists?

A

Outsiders such as tourists or tour operators.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: Religion is one aspect of culture that easily gets _______.

A

commoditized.

27
Q

What negative social issues are linked to the presence of outsiders in tourist areas?

A

Increased incidence of prostitution, crime, drug abuse, and alcoholism.

28
Q

What is a common consequence for poor countries attracting sex tourists?

A

Local people may be taken advantage of due to their desperate situation.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Migrants to tourist destinations often face _______ from local residents.

A

ill feelings.

30
Q

What negative impact does tourism have on local job markets?

A

Migrants take jobs from locals, leading to stronger polarization among social classes.

31
Q

How does tourism exacerbate social divides in places like Peru and Cuba?

A

Exploitation of workers and fueling ethnic divisions and racism.

32
Q

What is social displacement in the context of tourism?

A

Local residents may have to relocate due to outside investors buying prime property.

33
Q

What psychological effect does tourism-related community stress have on residents?

A

Negative physical health consequences due to psychological stress.

34
Q

How does tourism create inconvenience for local residents?

A

Crowding, congestion, longer queues, and competition for resources.

35
Q

What does the Altruistic Surplus Principle suggest about local people’s attitudes toward tourism?

A

They will tolerate downside effects if perceived benefits are high.

36
Q

What does Doxey’s Irritation Index (Irridex) illustrate?

A

Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts deteriorate over time.

37
Q

What are the stages in Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TACL)?

A

Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: Negative attitudes toward tourism are associated with _______ tourism concentration.

A

heavy.

39
Q

What types of tourists are classified as institutionalized tourists?

A

Mass, package tourists who experience the least cultural immersion.

40
Q

Who are non-institutionalized tourists?

A

Drifters and explorers who seek cultural immersion and adventure.

41
Q

What is enclave tourism?

A

Tourism practiced for political and security reasons, limiting tourist interactions.

42
Q

How does the ratio of tourists to residents affect social interaction?

A

A larger ratio increases pressure on the host society and can lead to conflict.

43
Q

What phenomenon is illustrated by tourists engaging in inappropriate behaviors in local areas?

A

Cultural insensitivity and disrespect towards local customs.

44
Q

What are some examples of inappropriate tourist behavior?

A

Naked wandering, damaging sacred sites, and littering public areas.

45
Q

What is the impact of tourism on the local environment, particularly in poor communities?

A

Negative consequences such as garbage dumps near impoverished areas leading to health issues.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The practice of hanging padlocks on bridges as a sign of love is known as the _______ phenomenon.

A

love lock.

47
Q

What is the cyclical dependency created by tourism in developing communities?

A

Reliance on foreign cash flow for income generation and development.

Chapter 6 Sustainable (3 decks)

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