Chapter 5 Flashcards
The properties of water do what?
Help to create in control, climate and weather
Influence the formation and modification of the land and see floor
Enable essential chemicals to be transported to and within living organisms
Many features of our physical environment, such as rain snow in the waves on oceans and lakes
Under the functioning of many aspects of modern society
Acoustic
Pertaining to sound
Alkalinity
The opposite of acidity or the measure of the degree to which the concentration of hydroxyl ions OH- is greater than the concentration of hydrogen ions H+ in a solution.
Seawater is slightly alkaline .
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Back scattered
The portion of the light or sound randomly reflected off particles suspended in a fluid that is scattered back in the general direction of the light or sound source
Biogeochemical cycle
Transfer of compounds among the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem
Calorie
Obsolete unit of heat energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C
Cation
A positively charged ion
Conduction
Transfer of heat or electricity through material or between two materials in contact with each other by passing directly from one molecule to another adjacent molecule
Contaminant
Substance added to an ecosystem or to a sample, an organism, or other object in an amount that causes the concentration of the substance to exceed its natural range of levels.
contaminants may or may not have harmful effects.
Convection
In each fluid being warmed at its bottom and or cooled at its upper surface, which warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks in a density driven circulation
Covalent bond
Chemical bond in which atoms are combined to form compounds by sharing one or more pairs of electrons
Density, absolute
The mass per unit volume of a substance usually expressed as Grams per cubic centimeter
Density, relative
The ratio of the mass per unit volume of a substance divided by the mass of the same volume of a standard substance
The standard substance is usually pure water at 4°C
Relative density is a dimensionless number, but since the mass of 1 cm³ of pure water at 4°C is almost precisely 1 g , relative density and absolute density are numerically almost identical
Detritus
Any loose material, but generally decomposed, broken, and dead organisms
Electrical conductivity
Measure of a substances ability to conduct an electrical current. Water electrical conductivity is related to and used to measure salinity.
Electromagnetic radiation
Energy that travels at the speed of light as waves. Electromagnetic waves range and wavelength from very long to very short cosmic rays.
Erosion
Process of being gradually worn away and usually caused by the action of wins and currents on rocks and sediments
Estuary
Any region were freshwater and seawater mix
Excretion
Substances that are generally waste products released to the external environment from the tissues of a living organism, or the process of releasing such substances
Frequency
Number of periodic events that occur within a specified interval
For waves, the number of crusts or troughs that pass a given point per unit time; the inverse of wave period.
Groundwater
Water beneath the ground surface that has seep through the soil and rock from above
Latent heat of vaporization
For 1 g of the substance it is it’s boiling point temperature, the quantity of heat energy that must be added to convert it from liquid to gas, or that must be removed to convert the gas into liquid, without changing the temperature or pressure
