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Science > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Electricity?

A

Describes all the phenomena caused by positive and negative charges

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2
Q

What is Electrical Charge?

A

A property of protons and electrons

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3
Q

What is the Coulomb

A

The unit of measurement for electrical charge. One Coulomb: 6.25x10^18 electrons or protons. Symbol=C

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4
Q

Explain how protons act

A

cannot move, they are trapped inside of the nucleus

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5
Q

Explain how electrons act

A

Can move, they rotate freely around the nucleus.

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6
Q

What is only transferred?

A

Electrons

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7
Q

Explain what charged objects are

A

all objects have the same number of positive and negative charges

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8
Q

What are neutral objects

A

same number of positive and negative charges

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9
Q

what are positively charged objects

A

more positive charges than negative

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10
Q

What are negatively charged objects

A

more negative charges than positive charges.

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11
Q

Explain Electrical Forces of attraction and repulsion

A
  • opposites attract and likes repel
  • Electrical charges of like signs repel each other
  • Electrical charges of opposite signs attract each other
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12
Q

What is the law of conservation of charge

A
  • states that Electrical charges can be neither created nor destroyed; they can only be transferred from one body to another.
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13
Q

what are conductors:

A

substance that permits the free flow of electrical charges. Ex: metals, electrolytic solutions.

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14
Q

What are insulators:

A

Substance that impedes the free flow of electrical charges. Ex: nonmetals (usually), plastic, glass, ceramics, rubber, air

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15
Q

What are semi-conductors:

A

Substance that exhibits variable conductivity, depending on different factors. Ex: metalloids, carbon, silicon.

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16
Q

What is static electricity:

A

describes the phenomena of electrical charges at rest.

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17
Q

What is charging by friction

A
  • two bodies are neutral
  • two objects are rubbed together, one object loses electrons
  • the other gains them, both objects are charged.
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18
Q

What series needs to be known but not what it is ?

A

Triboelectric series

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19
Q

what is charging by conduction

A
  • one charged object and one neutral object
  • the charge of one object is shared between 2 objects when they come into contact
  • two objects with like charges
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20
Q

What is charging by induction

A
  • one charged objects and one neutral object
  • the proximity of the charged object causes the charges in the neutral object to separate
  • one charged object and one object carrying a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side.
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21
Q

WHat is coulombs law

A

the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles determined by the amount of charge and the distance between the charges.

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22
Q

WHat is a magnet

A

an objectt that can attract other objects containing iron, cobalt, and nickel

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23
Q

what is ferromagnetic

A

magnetic objects made of iron colbalt or nickel

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24
Q

what is the magnetic field

A

the area of space in which the magnetic force of a magnet can act on another magnet. the field lines never cross

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25
Q

explain the magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion

A

opposite magnetic poles attract each other and like magnetic poles repel each other

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26
Q

Explain the earth’s magnetic poles

A

the north pole of a compass is the end that naturally seeks the earth’s magnetic south pole near the geographic north pole. SO the poles are switched on earth.

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27
Q

What is the electromagnetic force

A

this is the force generated by an electromagnetic field. Anything with an electrical current creates an EM field.

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28
Q

WHat is electromagnetism

A

describes all the phenomena resulting from the interaction between electricity and magnetism

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29
Q

how to make a stronger electromagnet

A
  • more power
  • more wraps
  • use iron core
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30
Q

describes the right hand rule using the magnetic field of a live wire

A
  1. grasp the wire with the thumb pointing in the direction of the current flow (negative)
  2. the curled fingers point to the direction of the magnetic field
31
Q

what is a solenoid

A

long thin loop of wire which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it

32
Q

explain the right hand rule for a solenoid or electromagnet

A
  1. fingers follow current (negative)
  2. thumb points north
33
Q

what are the factors affecting resistance

A
  • substance: type of conductor (good or bad)
  • length: the longer the wire the greater the resistance
  • diameter: smaller diameter resists the flow more than a larger diameter wire
  • temperature: warm wire resists more than a cold one
34
Q

what is an electric current

A

flow of negative charges carried by electrons

35
Q

what is electricity

A

electrical charges in motion

36
Q

what is an electrical current

A

a network in which electrical charges can flow continuously in a loop

37
Q

what is current intensity

A

the number of charges that flow past a given point in an electrical circuit every second

38
Q

What is the unit for current intensity

A

I (ampere A)

39
Q

how to meassure current intensity in amps

A

ammeter

40
Q

what does the ammeter measure

A

the current (I in amps) flowing in through the circuit

41
Q

What does the voltmeter measure

A

the potential difference between two points, how much the “push” has changed

42
Q

what is potential difference (volts)

A

the amount of energy transferred between two points in an electrical circuit

43
Q

what is the unit for potential difference

A

Volt (V)

44
Q

what is the “push”

A

s needed to make the current flow

45
Q

what is electrical resistance

A

the ability of a material to slow down or resist the flow of electric current

46
Q

what are the units for resister

A

Ohm (the Lululemon sign)

47
Q

what are the two types of resistor

A
  • component that acts to reduce the current flow to lower voltage in circuits
  • component that transforms electrical energy into heat, light, sound, or motion (bulb, motor, speakers)
48
Q

what does the resistor act like

A

a dam that slows down the current

49
Q

what does Ohm’s law state

A

staes that for a given resistance, the potential difference in a circuit is directly proportional to the current intensity

50
Q

what is the triangle for volts

A

V
I R

51
Q

what are the two types of charges called

A

positive and negative

52
Q

what is a neutral object

A

has no charge/same number of psitive and negative charge

53
Q

are protons available for charging objects

A

they cannot move and they are trapped in the nucleus therefore no they are not available for charging objects

54
Q

are electrons available for for charging objects

A

they can move and they rotate freely around the nucleus therefore they are available for charging objects.

55
Q

how do we charge an object positively

A

more positives than negatives

56
Q

how do we charge an object negativiely

A

more negatives than positives

57
Q

what would happen if a polyethelyne ruler was rubbed with a wool cloth

A

the polyethylene ruler would take the wool’s negative charges.

58
Q

whar would happen if you used a cotton cloth to wipe your glass window clean

A

the cotton cloth would become negatively charged.

59
Q

true or false: acetate rubbed with cotton will become positively charged because the acetate will gain/receive positive charges

A

true

60
Q

true or false: polyethylene rubbed with wool will become negatively charged because the polyethylene will lose positive charges and the wool will gain/receive these positive charges

A

false

61
Q

you have two spheres made of ebonite. you rub one with rubber and the other with cotton. what would happen if you brought both spheres together

A

they will attract

62
Q

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator?
- the porcelain that holds wires on utility poles

A

insulator

63
Q

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator? a copper wire in an electronic circuit

A

conductor

64
Q

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator?
a resistor in a printed circuit

A

semi-conductor

65
Q

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator?
the filament in a light buld

A

semi-conductor

66
Q

is this a conductor, semi-conductor, or insulator?
the rubber coating around a wire

A

insulator

67
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
to make a ballon stick to the wall, you rub it on your head

A

friction

68
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
a trickle of water is redirected by a charged ruler

A

induction

69
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
clothes are full of static electricity when they come out of the dryer

A

frictions

70
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
a teenage boy becomes electrically charged by dragging his feet

A

friction

71
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
you put a charged object in contact with a metal-leaf electroscope

A

induction

72
Q

has the object been charged by friction, conduction, or induction?
confetti is drawn to charged objects

A

conduction

73
Q

what is the difference between a electromagnet and a solenoid

A

electromagnet has a core and it describes all the phenomena resulting from interaction between electricity from a magnet. a solenoid has a wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through.

Science (9 decks)

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