Chapter 5

Question 1

in photosynthesis,

Answer 1

some of the energy in sunlight is captured by chloroplasts, atoms of carbon dioxide and water are rearranged, and sugar and oxygen are produced

Question 2

ATP powers

Answer 2

-chemical work
-transport work
-mechanical work

Question 3

fossil fuels

Answer 3

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
-takes a long time to replenish

Question 4

biofuel

Answer 4

renewable fuels made from living organism
ex: algae

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

the capacity to do work
-involves processes such as building complex molecules and moving substances in and out of cells

Question 6

energy is released

Answer 6

when bonds are broken

Question 7

law of conservation of energy

Answer 7

-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-energy can only change form

Question 8

potential energy (chemical energy)

Answer 8

stored energy in the chemical bonds, break bonds to release stored energy to do work

Question 9

kinetic energy

Answer 9

the energy of motion or movement

Question 10

heat

Answer 10

transfer of thermal energy generated by random movement of molecules or atoms from one body or another

Question 11

energy transformation

Answer 11

energy is converted from one form to another

Question 12

photosynthesis

Answer 12

-process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy
-ultimate source of energy is the sun

Question 13

autotrophs

Answer 13

(self feeders) capture and transform the energy of sunlight by photosynthesis

Question 14

heterotrophs

Answer 14

obtain energy by eating other organisms

Question 15

photoautotrophs require

Answer 15

sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 16

photosynthetic formula

Answer 16

sunlight + water + carbon dioxide –> oxygen + glucose

Question 17

chloroplasts

Answer 17

organelles present in cells of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Question 18

light energy

Answer 18

the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum. consists of waves made of particles (photons) with a particular amount of energy

Question 19

chemiosmosis

Answer 19

process of diffusion of ions (usually H+) across a selectively permeable membrane producing a concentration gradient
-used to make ATP

Question 20

carbon cycle

Answer 20

how plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into solid forms, and then organisms return some carbon into the atmosphere

Question 21

greenhouse effect

Answer 21

results from excess greenhouse gases being trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, which traps more heat

Question 22

carbon footprint

Answer 22

a measure of how much carbon is being emitted into the atmosphere by an organism

Question 23

carbon capture

Answer 23

removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
-cant keep up with the amount produced

Question 24

chlorophyll

Answer 24

is a pigment present in the green parts of plants that absorbs photons of light energy

Question 25

carbon fixation

Answer 25

ATP and NADPH used to convert carbon dioxide gas from the air to glucose