Chapter 5 Flashcards
in photosynthesis,
some of the energy in sunlight is captured by chloroplasts, atoms of carbon dioxide and water are rearranged, and sugar and oxygen are produced
ATP powers
-chemical work
-transport work
-mechanical work
fossil fuels
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
-takes a long time to replenish
biofuel
renewable fuels made from living organism
ex: algae
energy
the capacity to do work
-involves processes such as building complex molecules and moving substances in and out of cells
energy is released
when bonds are broken
law of conservation of energy
-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-energy can only change form
potential energy (chemical energy)
stored energy in the chemical bonds, break bonds to release stored energy to do work
kinetic energy
the energy of motion or movement
heat
transfer of thermal energy generated by random movement of molecules or atoms from one body or another
energy transformation
energy is converted from one form to another
photosynthesis
-process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy
-ultimate source of energy is the sun
autotrophs
(self feeders) capture and transform the energy of sunlight by photosynthesis
heterotrophs
obtain energy by eating other organisms
photoautotrophs require
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
photosynthetic formula
sunlight + water + carbon dioxide –> oxygen + glucose
chloroplasts
organelles present in cells of plants, algae, and some bacteria
light energy
the energy of the electromagnetic spectrum. consists of waves made of particles (photons) with a particular amount of energy
chemiosmosis
process of diffusion of ions (usually H+) across a selectively permeable membrane producing a concentration gradient
-used to make ATP
carbon cycle
how plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into solid forms, and then organisms return some carbon into the atmosphere
greenhouse effect
results from excess greenhouse gases being trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, which traps more heat
carbon footprint
a measure of how much carbon is being emitted into the atmosphere by an organism
carbon capture
removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
-cant keep up with the amount produced
chlorophyll
is a pigment present in the green parts of plants that absorbs photons of light energy
