chapter 5

Question 1

What is utilitarianism framework?

Answer 1

• the moral action that results in the overall happiness of the overall or majority of people
• 2 principles: social utility used as morality & measured the amount of happiness produced

Question 2

What are the critics of utilitarianism?

Answer 2

• not to deliberate on each other’s action
• inclined on certain principles and general rules to guide one’s behaviour
• morality can’t be guided neither through happiness nor consequences.

Question 3

What is deontology?

Answer 3

• individuals have moral duties
• prima facie duties: benevolent, beneficent, none malicious, just
• using 2 step deliberate process: weighing evidence and completing prima facie duties

Question 4

What is contract based ethical theories?

Answer 4

• motivation of being moral
• develop moral system with rules

Question 5

What critics on contract-based ethical theories?

Answer 5

• for only minimalist morality
• obligated to behave morally only when formal contract exists
• many situation doesn’t need a formal contract
• 2 legal rights: positive and negative rights

Question 6

What is character based ethics?

Answer 6

• virtual ethics: ignores rules, duties, and formal contracts for determining the moral behaviour
• by acquiring the right virtues
• “agent-oriented”