Chapter 5

Question 1

What is data?

Answer 1

a body or series of facts or information.

Question 2

2 types of data?

Answer 2

Numerical (continuous/ discrete)
Categorical (nominal/ ordinal)

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

all individuals in a group that is being studied.

Question 4

What is a sample?

Answer 4

a group of items or people selected from the population

Question 5

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 5

a study that considers individuals from different groups at the same time

Question 6

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 6

study that considers individuals over a long period of time

Question 7

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 7

study that considers individuals over a long period of time

Question 8

What is time series data?

Answer 8

data that has accumulated over a long period of time

Question 9

What are the 7 types of samples?

Answer 9

simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, multistage, convenience, voluntary

Question 10

What is clustered?

Answer 10

divide the population into groups and sample each member of the group

Question 11

What are the two types of experiments?

Answer 11

observational and experiemental

Question 12

What are observational studies?

Answer 12

The situation is already occurring. Ex. people who exercise vs people who don’t.

Question 13

What are experimental studies and the two subcategories?

Answer 13

researcher controls what is going on
treatment group and controlled group

Question 14

What is microdata?

Answer 14

individual responses in a survey, see all information

Question 15

What is aggregate data?

Answer 15

Data that are combined or summarized so that we don’t see all the information

Question 16

What are the 4 types of biases?

Answer 16

response, sampling, measurement, non-response

Question 17

What is response bias?

Answer 17

when they are not truthful on the survey

Question 18

What is sampling bias?

Answer 18

when sampling doesn’t represent the population ex. asking kindergarteners about the best university.

Question 19

What is measurement bias?

Answer 19

Specific words or not enough choices lead to a biased answer. ex “Are you good at math, yes or no”

Question 20

What is non-reponse bias?

Answer 20

asking a large group and only a few respond and using those few to represent the whole population