Chapter 5-13 Flashcards
Different stages in product design in regal marine
introduction
growth
maturity
decline
develop and implement a product strategy
product decision
choosing the good and services to provide the customer
product selection
product are born they live and they die
product life cycle
list product in descending order
product by value analysis
product must be weeded out
generating new products
requires that organization build a structure internally
new product opportunities
effective product strategy link product design in with cash flow
product development system
refers to determining what will satisfy the customer
quality function deployment
4 approaches to organizing for product development
organization with distinct department, assign a product manager to champion the product, use of teams, bypass the team issue.
charge with responsibility of moving from market requirements
product development teams
activity are concerned with improvement of design and specification.
manufacturability and value engineering
5 benefits of CAD and CAM
product quality, shorter quality time, production cost reduction, data base availability, new range of capabilities
7 ISSUE IN PRODUCT DESIGN
robust design
modular design
computer aided design
computer aided manufacturing
virtual reality technology
value design
ethics and environmental friendly design
designed so that small variation in production
robust design
signed in easily segmented components
modular design
use of computer to interactively design products
computer aided design
use of specialized computer program
computer aided manufacturing
visual form of communication
virtual reality technology
review of successful product
value analysis
enhance productivity while delivering desired good and service
ethics and environmental friendly design
need for faster product development
time-based competition
umbrella of software program
product life cycle management
side of product coin
service design
a product, whether good or service
transition to production
act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level of excellence
quality management
deliver over 16,000 babies annually virtually every type of quality tools is employed
arnold palmer hospital
objective is to build a total quality management system
operation manager
totality of features and characteristics of a product
defining quality
method of quality control which employs statistical method to monitor and control a process
process statistical control
central to the process of quality control “what get measured gets done”
quality management
basic for all three operational quality process
measurement
provides feedback
quality control measurement
quantifies customer needs
operational quality planning measurement
can motivate people, prioritize improvement opportunities
quality improvement measurement
detecting special couses of variation
control chart
2 types of process variation
common cause variations
special cause variation
type of variation, process is said to be “in control” and stable
common cause variation
type of variation, process is said to be “out of control” and unstable
special cause variation
method of identifying the type of variation present
SPC control chart
2 types of popular SPC
run chart
control chart
show the variation in measurement during the time period that process is observed
control chart
control chart 4 key feature
daya points
the average of center line
the upper control limit
the lower control limit
either average of subgroup
data points
average or mean of the datapoints
the average center line
drawn above the centerline
the upper control limit
drawn below the centerline
the lower control limit
measured on continuous scale
variable chart
control the dipersion of the process
r-chart
control the central rendency
x-chart
2 types of variable chart
2 types of attribute chart
r-chart
x-chart
p-chart
c-chart
track the proportion or percent of noncofirming unit
p-chart
shows the number of nonconformities
c-chart
studies distinguish between conformance
process capability
usually dictated by customer PROCESS CAPABILITY
specification limit
ability based on rested performance
capability
quantified from data
measured capability
uniformly resulting from process
inherent capability
measures potentially capability
capability index
require state or statistical
process stability
interference about population
normality of the characteristics being measured
sampling error for the capability index
sufficient data
include random sample
representative sampling
consecutive measurement
independence of measurement
organization approach to transforming resources into good and service
process strategy
4 basic strategy
process focus
repetitive focus
product focus
mass customization
company method of converting resources into product and service
process focus
facilities are organized by assembly line
repetitive focus
facilities are organized by product
product focus
low cost production of goods
mass customization
process of determining the production capacity needed by organization to meet changing demand for its product
capacity planning
the theoritical maximum output of a system in a given under idea condition
design capacity
the capacity a firm can expect to achieve given the current operating constraint
effective capacity
actual output as a percent of design capacity
utilization
actual output as a percent of effective capacity
efficiency
poor match between the actual demand
managing demand
facilities must have to achieve profitability
critical control
cost that continue even if no unit are produced
fixed cost
cost that vary with the volume of unit produced
variable cost
difference between selling price and variable cost
contribution
determining the discounted value
net present value
strategy usually minimizing cost
industrial location decision
strategy focuses on minimizing revenue
retail and professional service organization
combination of cost and speed delivery
warehouse location strategy
some decisions and factors that affect location decision
country decision
region/community decision
site decision
3 Major factor that affect location decision
labor production
exchange rates and currency risk
cost
2 Categories of cost
tangible cost
intangible cost
cost that readily identifiable
tangible cost
cost easily quantified
intangible cost
one of the greatest challenges in global operation decision is dealing with another countrys CULTURE
political risk, value and culture
primary location factor
proximity to markets
firms locate near material
proximity to supplier
surprisingly near competitor
proximity to competitor
location method that instills objectivity
the factor rating method
make an economic comparison
location break-even analysis
mathematical technique used for finding the best location
center gravity method
technique for solving a class linear
transportation model
focus in industrial sector location
service location strategy
require neither face to face contact
the call center industry
important took to help frims make successful
geographical information systems
7 METHOD OF EVALUATING LOCATION ALTERNATIVES
the factor rating method
location break-even analysis
center of gravity method
transportation model
service location strategy
the call center industry
geographical information systems
7 LAYOUT STRATEGY
office layout
retail layout
warehouse layout
fixed position layout
process oriented layout
work cell layout
product oriented layout
require the grouping of worker
office layout
based on the idea that sales and profitability vary directly with costumer exposure to product
retail layout
fees manufactures pay to get their goods on the shelf
slotting fees
describes the physical surrounding
servicescape
3 elements to provide a good service layout
ambient condition
spatial layout and functionality
sign, symbol and artifacts
background characteris such as lighting
ambient condition
involve customer circulation path
spatial layout and functionality
characteristics of building design
sign, symbols and artifacts
refers to the physical design
warehousing and storage layout
placement of material or supplies in storage
cross-docking
warehousing to locate stock
random stocking
add value to a product through component modification
customizing
let the product stay in one place
fixed position layout
movement of the product is reduced
movement of products
usually done by couple trained operators
continuity of operation
independent of each other
independent production center
2 importance of fixed position layout
stability of product
movement of machines and equipment
main feature of fixed position layout
stability of product
type of layout the worker and machine to move and from with regard to project sites
movement of machines and equipment
reorganize people and machine
work cell layout
volume warrant a special arrangement
cellular work arrangement
evaluating the operation times in work cells.
work balance chart
permanent or semi permanent purpose
focused work center
produce similar product or components
focused factory
2 TWO TYPES OF A PRODUCT-ORIENTED LAYOUT
fabrication line
assembly line
build component such as automobile
fabrication line
interchangeable parts
assembly line
become very popular in the 1990s
nascar racing
manage labor and design jobs si people are effectively and efficiently utilized
human resource strategy
EMPLOYMENT STABILITY POLICIES
follow demand exactly
stold employment constant
matches direct labor cost to production
follow demand exactly
maintains trained workforce
hold employment constant
work schedule
standard work schedule
flex time
flexible work week
part time
job design
standard work schedule
5-8 hours a day
allows employees, within limit
flex time
fewer but longer days
flexible work week
fewer possibly irregular hours
part time
specifying the task that constitute a job for an individual or group
job design
group of empowered individual working together to reach common goal
self directed teams
4 CORE JOBE CHARACTERISTICS
skill variety
job identity
job significance
autonomy
3 MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVE SYSTEM
bonuses
profit sharing
gain sharing
cash or stock options
bonuses
profit for distribution to employees
profit sharing
reward for improvement
gain sharing
study of interface between man and machine
ergonomic
dependent on a knowledge of a labor required
effective manpower planning
amount of time required to perform a job
labor standards
help determine labor requirements
accurate labor standards
