Chapter 5 Flashcards
feminism
a perspective that views society as patriarchal and seeks to achieve full independence and equality for women
patriarchy
a system in which power is in the hands of men and many aspects of women’s lives are controlled by men
liberal feminism
a version of feminism that advocates equal opportunities for women in such areas as education and employment as well as equal legal and political rights
socialist feminism
a version of feminism that views women as oppressed by both the male-dominated character of society and the capitalist system. The liberation of women is connected to the transformation of capitalism into a more co-operative and egalitarian socialist system.
radical feminism
a version of feminism that views society as based fundamentally on the oppression of women and seeks to liberate women through the fundamental transformation of social institutions, values, and personal relationships
liberation
freeing the human potential that has been stifled by the organization and values of society
environmentalism
a perspective based on the idea that humanity needs to change its relationship to nature so as to protect the natural environment and ensure that it can sustain all forms of life
anthropocentrism
the focus on human well-being that is at the centre of most political thought
ecocentrism
the view that nature has intrinsic value and should not be valued only in terms of its use for human beings
sustainability
maintaining the integrity of ecosystems by ensuring that renewable resources are not being used at a rate that exceeds the ability of ecosystems to regenerate them, developing renewable substitutes to replace the consumption of non-renewable resources, and ensuring that the emission of pollutants does not exceed the ability of the ecosystem to handle them without damage
participatory democracy
a democratic system in which all citizens are able to participate directly in the decisions that affect their lives
sustainable development
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs; it involves development to ensure that the needs of the poor are fulfilled and protecting the environment for the well-being of future generations
reform environmentalism
a perspective that views the solution to environmental problems primarily in terms of better science, technology, and environmental management
free-market environmentalism
the perspective that holds that guarantees of the rights of private property and a free-market economy are crucial to environmental protection
deep ecology
an environmentalist perspective that views anthropocentrism as the fundamental cause of environmental degradation and advocates the cultivation of an environmental consciousness and a sense of oneness with the world that recognizes the unity of humans, plants, animals, and the Earth
