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A&P > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

What are the thick layers of the skin?

A

stratum basale,
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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3
Q

Do thick skin contain epidermal ridges?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Does the layers of thick skin contain sweat glands?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Does the layers of thick skin contain hair follicles?

A

No

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6
Q

What cells make up the stratum luciderm?

A

6 layers of flattened clear, Dead Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis

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8
Q

What are the layers of thin skin?

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Thin stratum corneaum

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9
Q

What is the function of stratum basale?

A

Produce keratinocytes
And
Bind the dermis to the epidermis

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10
Q

What is the stratus corneum composed of?

A

25-30 layers of flatted dead keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the epidermis made of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic cells
Tactile epithelial cells

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12
Q

What is keratin?

A

Tough fibrous protein that helps protect skin from abrasions heat chemicals etc

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13
Q

What releases a water- repellent sealant that prohibits foreign loss or entry?

A

lamellar granules

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14
Q

What produces lamellar granules

A

Keratinocytes

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15
Q

What cells can protect against heat injuries to the deeper layers of the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

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16
Q

What cell can protect against microbes entering deeper into the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

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17
Q

What cell can prevent chemicals from going deeper into your skin?

A

Keratinocytes

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18
Q

What does melanin do?

A

Absorbs damaging UV light and contributes to skin color

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19
Q

Where can you find melanin?

A

Forming a protective cluster over the nucleus of keratinocytes to protect it

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20
Q

What types of cells in the skin are a part of the immune response?

A

Dendritic cells

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21
Q

Which layers of the skin are attached to the basement membrane?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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22
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development.

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23
Q

Where are tactile epithelial cells located?

A

Deepest layer of epidermis making contact with the sensory neuron

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24
Q

Explain the process of keratinization

A

As new cells grow and expand, they are pushed to the surface where the poorer nutrient supply is. The cells harden and die. Many of these dead cells accumulate in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis.

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25
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the dermis?

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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26
Q

What is albanism?

A

An inherited inability of an individuals abily to produce melanin

27
Q

Sweat glands help to regulate________?

A

Body temperature

28
Q

What is it called when newly formed cells are slowly pushed to the surface and as they move from one layer to another they accumulate more keratin…..?

A

Keratinization

29
Q

What is lanugo? Where is it formed(or when)?

A

fine, soft, unpigmented hair that is often present in fetuses, newborns, and certain disease states

30
Q

What is vellus hair?

A

“Peach fuzz” short, fine, pale hairs barely visible.

Present during childhood on the whole body except eye brows and hair until puberty

31
Q

What is terminal hair?

A

Long coarse heavy pigmented hairs (eyebrows, eyelashes, scalp etc)

32
Q

Which gland undergoes holocrine secretion?

A

Sebaceous glands

33
Q

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?

A

Apocrine glands have larger ducts and lumens

34
Q

What is the ceremonious gland?

A

Modified sweat glands in the external ear that produce a waxy lubricating secretion

35
Q

What is a cerumen made up of?

A

Combination of ceremonious and sebaceous glands

36
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

“Oil glands” simple, branched acinar glands attached to the hair follicles that secrete sebum

37
Q

What is sebum and what is it made up of?

A

Oily substance secreted by sebaceous gland

Mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts

38
Q

What is a keloid scar?

A

A scar extending beyond the boundaries of the normal wound

39
Q

Know the components of the integumentary system

A
40
Q

What type of tissue makes up the oil and sweat glands?

A

Stratified cubodial

41
Q

What part of the skin generates fingerprints?

A

Epidermal ridges

42
Q

What is the reticular dermis?

A

BUNDLES of thick collagen fibers, fibroblasts and wandering cells

43
Q

What makes up the papillary layer?

A

Collegan and elastic fibers

44
Q

Know the differences

A

Know the differences

45
Q

Which is the stratum Lucidem?

A
46
Q

Which layer to new cells arise from?

A

Stratum basale

47
Q

Wheee in the hair root does melanin get deposited?

A

Hair bulb

48
Q

What is the spot called that will begin bleeding if you pick at it with a hangnail?

A

Eponychium

49
Q

Review this

A

Reveiw

50
Q

What is the mnemonic for the layers of the skin?

A

Come - corneum
Let’s - lucidem
Get- granulosum
Sun - spinosum
Burnt - basale

51
Q

What is another word for skin?

A

Cutaneous membrane

52
Q

Why is it more difficult for elderly people to thermoregulate?

A

They do not sweat as much and blood flow to dermis is reduced

53
Q

What is the strongest portion of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

54
Q

If your body feels hot due to fever,exercise, or just because it’s hot, what do your blood vessels do?

A

Dilate

55
Q

What part of the dermis is most effected by lack of vitamin C?

A

Reticular layer

56
Q

what embryological tissue does the epidermis develop from?

A

ectoderm

57
Q

What color is the pigment eumelanin?

A

Black and brown

58
Q

What color is the pigment pho melanin?

A

Yellowish to reddish

59
Q

Contraction of the arrector pili muscle causes___________

A

Goose bumps

60
Q

Are sebaceous glands holocrine, apocrine, or merocrine?

A

Holocrine

61
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete ?

A

Sebum

62
Q

How does the body synthesize vitamin D?

A

UV lights activate a precursor molecule

63
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Buildup of yellow pigment bilirubin

A&P (6 decks)

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