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Biology 1113 Exam 1 Learning Objectives > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 ways to classify carbohydrate monosaccharides?

A
  1. based on the location of the carbonyl and # of carbon atoms
  2. spatial arrangement of their atoms (isomers)
  3. linear and ring forms
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2
Q

Aldose vs ketose

A

aldose: carbonyl group at the END of carbon chain
ketose: carbonyl group in the MIDDLE of carbon chain

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3
Q

Is glucose an aldose or ketose?

A

aldose

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4
Q

Is fructose an aldose or ketose?

A

ketose

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5
Q

Triose vs pentose vs hexose

A

triose: 3 carbons
pentose: 5
hexose: 6

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6
Q

How do you determine glucose vs galactose based on structure?

A

glucose: OH attached to the 4’ carbon points diagonally UP right
galactose: OH attached to the 4’ carbon points diagonally DOWN right

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7
Q

sugars typically form ring structures in ______ solutions

A

aqueous

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8
Q

ring structures contain an ______ carbon

A

anomeric

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9
Q

What is the difference in alpha and beta linkages?

A

alpha: OH points away from CH2OH
beta: OH points towards CH2OH

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10
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

two monosaccharides linked together

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11
Q

How do you name glycosidic linkages given carbohydrate structure?

A

check the carbon number and direction of the OH vs the CH2OH

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12
Q

Starch

A

energy storage plant cells

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13
Q

glycogen

A

energy storage animal cells

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14
Q

glucose molecules are linked by ______ linkages

A

glycosidic

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15
Q

cellulose

A

cells walls of plant/algae

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16
Q

polysaccharide structure

A

parallel strands joined by H bonds (forms rigid structure and hard to hydrolyze)

17
Q

chitin

A

cell walls of arthropods/fungi/insects/crustaceans

18
Q

peptidoglycan

A

cell walls of bacteria

19
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

structural support, cell identity, energy storage

20
Q

Why are B 1,4 linkages hard to hydrolyze?

A

most organisms lack the appropriate enzymes, strong fibers exclude water from accessing the linkages (good for digestion gives fiber)

21
Q

Where do carbs attach?

A

outside of cells

22
Q

glycoproteins

A

carbs attached to proteins

23
Q

glycolipids

A

carbs attached to lipids

24
Q

What is unique about C-C and C-H bonds?

A

they are nonpolar and have a high potential energy

25
Q

Do a glycosidic linkaged hydrolyze easily?

A

yes

26
Q

phosphorylase

A

breaks down glycogen

27
Q

amylase

A

breaks down starch

Biology 1113 Exam 1 Learning Objectives (3 decks)

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