Chapter 5 Flashcards
Deviance
Behaviors and beliefs that violate social expectations/ attracts negative sanctions
Howard Becker
Wrote “Becoming a Marihuana User”, First article (scientific) about the plant, deviant but still useful and not considered a crazy person like a less credible person would be
What occurred on Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571?
Cannibalism, and it was not taboo in this circumstance/ environment
- Stigmatization
Traits/ social conditions become devalued
- Criminalization
Trait defined criminal
Medicalization
Traits defined as illness
Strain theory
Deviance caused by tension between widely valued goals and ability to attain them
Differential association theory
The idea that we need to be recruited into and taught criminal ways (by our social networks)
Social disorganization theory
Deviance common in dysfunctional neighborhoods
Concentrated poverty
40% or more residents are below the federal poverty line
Neutralization theory
Deviance facilitated by the development of cultural resonant rationals for rule breaking
Rationalization 1: Denial of responsibility
Claim that rule breaking is outside of a rule breakers control
Rationalization 2: Denial of Injury
A claim that the rule breaking is allowed because no one is harmed
Rationalization 3: Denial of victim
A claim that any harm that comes is deserved
Rationalization 4: Condemnation of the condemners
A rejection of a critics moral authority to judge the rule breaker
Rationalization 5: Appeal to higher loyalties
The claim that the rule breaking is justified in pursuit for greater good
Labeling
Assigning a decent identity to an individual
Labeling Theory
How labels appleid to individuals affect behavior
Primary Deviance
Instance that 1st attracts deviant label
Secondary Deviance
Further instances due to effects of label
Structural Functionalism
Society is a system of necessary, synchronized parts and work together
Collective Conscious
Societies shared understanding of right and wrong
Anomie
Widespread normalness/ no social rules
Conflict Theory
Societies characterized by competing interests
Social inequality
Conditions of wealth, power, etc. are more available with privileged social identities
Survey
Research method with questionnaire
Sample
Subset of population for data
Generalizable
Applicable data to whole population from which data drawn
Social Inequality
Wealth and power available to privileged (this is an example)
Historical Socialization
Research method for getting data that reveals facts about past events
