Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z A&P I Chapters 5-6 Study Guide > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of intracellular junctions?

A

Tight junction, desmosome, and gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe a tight junction?

A

When the membranes of adjacent cells merge and fuse such as those of the digestive tract and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe a desmosome?

A

When cells connect via rivets/spot welds such as skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe a gap junction?

A

Cells that are connected by tubular channels such as those of the heart muscle and some of muscle of the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 the types of epithelial tissue by shape?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Flattened, irregular, & scale-like cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

Cubed shaped cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Rectangular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of epithelial tissue by arrangement?

A

Simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe simple epithelial tissue?

A

One layer thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe stratified epithelial tissue?

A

More than one layer thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe pseudostratified epithelial tissue?

A

Appears to be more than one layer, but all the cells reach the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 7 functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Cover
Line
Protect
Absorb
Secrete
Filter
Diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 6 characteristics that epithelial tissues have in common?

A

Basement membrane
Rapidly dividing
Avascular
Sides joined by junctional desmosomes
Minimal matrix-cells tightly packed together
Apical surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function and location of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Diffusion and filtration as in the air sacs of the lungs and the walls of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Lines follicles of the thyroid gland, covers ovaries, and lines kidney tubules and ducts where it faces the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two types of simple columnar epithelium?

A

CIliated and non-ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function and location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Lines uterine tube where it moves oocyte to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function and location of non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Secretes digestive fluid and absorbs nutrients in the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function and location and pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Commonly have cilia so they can move mucus and captured particles up and out of airways in the passages of the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function and location stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Form outer layer of skin and line oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Lines the ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function and location stratified columnar epithelium?

A

lines large ducts of exocrine glands and lines male urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

Specialized flask-shaped epithelial cell scattered among simple columnar epithelium specialized to secrete mucin which forms mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe cilia and their function?

A

Sensory organs that provide movement for substances outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the role of cilia in simple columnar epithelium?

A

Move oocyte through the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe microvilli and their function?

A

Cylindrical processes that increase the surface area of the cell membranes where it is exposed to substances being absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the keratinization process?

A

In stratified squamous epithelium older cells push outward. During this, they accumulate proteins called keratins. Then the cells harden and die. This produces a tough, dry, protective material.

Process of hardening, dehydration, and keratin accumulation that occurs in epidermal cells as they migrate outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is glandular epithelium?

A

Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids. Usually found within columnar or cuboidal epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Two major types of glandular epithelium?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Three types of exocrine glands?

A

Merocrine/eccrine glands, apocrine glands, and holocrine glands

32
Q

What products do eccrine/merocrine glands secrete?

A

Secrete fluid products via exocytosis

33
Q

What products do apocrine glands secrete?

A

Glands that lose small portions of their glandular cell body

34
Q

What products do holocrine glands secrete?

A

Release entire cells

35
Q

What are the three cell types of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages

36
Q

Describe fibroblasts?

A

A type of fixed cell that is large and star-shaped

Helps to repair tissue with poor ability to regenerate (i.e. heart) and respond to injury by increasing in number and fiber production

37
Q

Describe mast cells?

A

A type of fixed cell that resides near blood vessels

They release heparin which prevents blood clotting and release histamine which stimulates inflammation

38
Q

Describe macrophages?

A

A type of wandering cell that originates as a white blood cell

They are scavenger cells that perform phagocytosis to clear foreign particles

39
Q

What are the three types of CT fibers?

A

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

40
Q

Describe collagen fibers?

A

The strongest and most abundent type of fiber that provides high tensile strength

41
Q

Describe elastic fibers?

A

Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch and recoil

42
Q

Describe reticular fibers?

A

Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers with different chemistry than collagen fibers that form supportive networks that offer “give”

43
Q

What is the difference between “blast” cells and “cyte” cells?

A

Blast cells are immature (baby) cells that are mitotically active and secrete ground substance and fibers

Cyte cells are mature and maintain matrix

44
Q

What are the different cells in CT?

A

Fibro (CT proper), Chondro (cartilage), and Osteo (bone)

45
Q

Chondrocytes vs chondroblasts?

A

Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells that perform maintenance while chondroblast are immature cells that secrete extracellular matrix

46
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

47
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage?

A

Most common type of cartilage found on the ends of bones in joints and throughout the skeleton

Chondrocytes in spaces called lacunae with invisible fibers present

48
Q

Describe elastic cartilage?

A

Provides the framework for external ears and parts of the larynx

Chrondrocytes in spaces called lacunae with visible elastic fibers

49
Q

Describe fibrocartilage?

A

A very tough tissue that acts as a shock absorber with many collagen fibers

Chondrocytes in lacunae with visible dense collagen fibers

50
Q

Describe the structure of compact bone?

A

Osteoblasts deposit bony matrix in layers called lamellae (rings of a tree). These layers form concentric patterns around longitudinal tubes called the central/Haversian canal which contain blood vessels. Osteocytes (osteoblast trapped in lacunae) are evenly spaced throughout the lamellae. Osteocytes are connected by canaliculi so nutrients can pass through. All this forms a cylindrical unit called an osteon which is the functional unit of compact bone.

51
Q

Describe the structure of spongy bone?

A

Consists of branching plates called trabeculae which is bone matrix deposited around osteocytes connecting them

52
Q

How does connective tissue help in immunity?

A

White blood cells, which are a type of connective tissue, are wondering cells that pass through capillaries and attack unknown substances throughout the body. (Phagocytosis)

53
Q

What are the epithelial membranes?

A

Cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial

54
Q

Describe the cutaneous membrane?

A

The skin

55
Q

Describe the mucous membrane?

A

Lines cavitites and tubes that open to the outside of the body such as the oral and nasal cavities, and the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

56
Q

Describe the serous membrane?

A

A membrane that lines body cavities that do not open to the outside. They reduce friction between organs and cavity walls by secreting a watery serous fluid. Made up simple squamous and areolar tissue.

57
Q

What are the different serous membranes?

A

Parietal pleura-lines the thorax
Parietal peritoneum-lines the abdomen
Visceral pleura-lines organs in the thorax
Visceral peritoneum-lines organs in the abdomen

58
Q

Describe the synovial membrane?

A

Composed of connective tissue that lines joints

59
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

60
Q

Describe skeletal muscle?

A

Multinucleated cell made of long, non-branching, striated fibers

Attached to the skeleton for voluntary movement

61
Q

Describe cardiac muscle?

A

Branching, striated cells joined by intercalated discs and with a centrally located nucleous

Makes up the wall of the heart and is involuntary

62
Q

Describe smooth muscle?

A

Smooth, non-striated, elngated, spindle shaped cells witha centrally located nucleus

Makes up the walls of internal organs and blood vessels and is invuluntary

63
Q

What is the function of nerve tissue?

A

Able to detect changes in the environment and initiate responses

64
Q

What are the two catagories of nerve tissue?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

65
Q

Describe neurons?

A

A nerve cell or conducting cell

66
Q

Describe neuroglia?

A

Protective and suppoting cells

67
Q

What are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cell

68
Q

What athe the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Satellite cell (ganglionic gliocyte)
Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte)

69
Q

3 funcitons of astrocytes?

A

Support, ionic buffering, and blood-brain-barrier

70
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Form myelin

71
Q

Function of microglia?

A

Phagocytes cellular debris

72
Q

Function of ependymal cell?

A

Line ventricles

73
Q

Characteristic of ependymal cell?

A

ciliated

74
Q

Function of satellite cells?

A

Support

75
Q

Function of Schwan cells?

A

Form myelin

Z A&P I Chapters 5-6 Study Guide (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions