Chapter 5 Flashcards
Define the term ‘polymer.’
Define the term ‘monomer.’ Explain its relation to polymers.
What is a dehydration reaction?
Removal of water from the polymer units/molecules resulting in the combination of the two reactants.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Addition of water that splits and breaks the polymer/molecule.
Define and explain the following terms: monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide.
Explain the following terms: triose, pentose hexose.
What is a glycosidic linkage?
What is an isomer?
What is a hydrocarbon?
What is a peptide bond?
What is a disulfide bridge?
What is a phosphodiester bond?
What are the 4 main macromolecules? Include the building blocks of each.
What is the chemical formula of a triose, pentose, hexose?
Approximate the water content of a cell.
What structure do monosaccharides usually have in aqueous solutions?
What is the main energy storage used by plants and animals? How do they differ? How are they similar?
What is the main difference between starch and cellulose? Why can’t humans gain energy directly from cellulose?
Name the main structural carbohydrate in plants? What is chitin and where can we find it?
How do we characterize lipids? Describe the basic structure of a triglyceride.
Define unsaturated and saturated fats, as well as trans fats. Explain their health effects.
Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
Describe the structure of steroids. Give examples and functions.
Name the most abundant macromolecule in a cell.
Describe the basic structure of an amino acid. How are they classified/identified? What chemical restrictions do they have?
Describe the functions of proteins, along with the levels of structure and bonding within them.
Describe Sickle Cell Anemia and its cause and effects.
What does DNA and RNA stand for? What are their functions?
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic code for proteins/genetic information.
RNA- ribonucleic acid. Aids in proteins synthesis
Name the parts of a nucleotide.
What are the DNA and RNA bases? How do they pair together?
How do we distinguish DNA from RNA?
DNA contains Thymine. RNA contains Uracil
Describe collagen’s structure and function.
Describe elastin’s structure and function.
Is ATP a nucleotide.
Yes
