Chapter 5 Flashcards
Cline
A gradual change in phenotypic characteristic from one geographic population to the next
Prenatal Stage
Zygote to birth
Postnatal Stage
Birth to adult
Lactation
The production and secretion of milk, from the mammary glands
Adult Stage
3rd stage of life, reproductive and senescence
Interauterine
Within the uterus
Growth Velocity
The rate of growth per year
Deciduous dentition
Teeth coming in
Motor skills
Walking, running, etc.
Cognitive ability
Rapid growth and development of the brain
Menarche
Menstruation (periods)
Sexual dimorphism
Physical differences between sex’s of the same species
Epiphyses
End of a bone, growth center
Diaphysis
Main bone shaft, body of the bone
Secular trend
A phenotypic change over time, due to factor
Aging
Is processes of maturation
Senescence
Biological reduction in homeostasis
Menopause
Loss of overlain function
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass, that can lead to brittleness and injury
Function Adaptation
Biological change that occur during an individuals lifetime, to increase fitness
Homeothermic
Keep body temperature constant
Vasodilation
Expansion of blood vessels near the surface, to cool down
Bergmann’s Rule
States smaller bodies are made for heat, and larger bodies are made for cold
Allen’s Rule
Shorter limbs are for cold, and longer limbs are for heat
Hypothermia
Vasoconstriction
Closing of blood vessels for heat conservation
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
To measure heat production
