Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is combustion of fossil fuels

A

The fossil fuel is combusted in a furnace releasing thermal energy

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2
Q

What is Evaporation of water

A

The temperature of water increases to a point where it begins to evaporate

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3
Q

Describe how steam is used to turn a turbine

A

Steam is forced through the turbine at a high pressure which makes it turn

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4
Q

Describe the condensing in the cooling towers

A

Hot steam enters the cooling towers causing it to condense back to water

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5
Q

A disadvantage of the cooling tower

A

Takes considerable energy from the steam and ejects it into the atmosphere. This reduces the efficiency

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6
Q

State the efficiencies of conventional fossil fuel power plants

A

Above or below 40%

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7
Q

Definition of a direct renewable energy source

A

Renewable energies take energy from renewables such as wind and waves and convert this into electricity directly

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8
Q

Four examples of a direct renewable

A

Wind
hydroelectric
Wave
Tidal

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9
Q

Definition of an indirect renewable energy

A

Take energy from a renewable source such as the sun using a physical characteristic of the material being used and convert this into electrical energy

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10
Q

Two examples of indirect renewable energy sources

A

PV and Biomass

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11
Q

Energy transfer in wind turbine

A

Kinetic energy of wind
Kinetic energy of hub blade and main shaft
Kinetic energy of high speed shaft
Electricity

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12
Q

Energy transfer in solar

A

radiant energy
Electrical energy

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13
Q

Transfer of energy in hydroelectric

A

Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy as it rotates
Electrical energy

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14
Q

Energy transfer in tidal

A

Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy as it rotates
Electrical energy

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15
Q

Kinetic energy of waves

A

Radiant energy from sun
Kinetic energy of wind and waves
Kinetic energy of waves causes tubes in surface of ocean to gain kinetic energy
Kinetic energy from oscillation tubes turn a generator forming electrical energy

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16
Q

Kinetic energy in biomass

A

Chemical energy
Thermal energy
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Electrical energy

17
Q

4 stages of transmission of electrical energy

A

Producing electricity in the power station
The step up transformer
Transmission lines
Step down transformer

18
Q

Definition of a SMART grid

A

A computer controlled electricity network that switches input from one energy source to another as demand for energy varies on the grid

19
Q

3 Benefits of a SMART grid

A

Maximises renewables
Minimises fossil fuels
Control electricity demand

20
Q

What is an interconnnector

A

A cable which joins two nations together over land or sea

21
Q

Economic benefits of an interconnector

A

Nations fuel security is increased greatly
Enables nations to import energy from one to the other

22
Q

Environmental benefits of interconnectors

A

Electrical energy can be exported from one nation to another
Connections to nations such as Norway facilitates storage of renewable energy

23
Q

What does CHP stand for

A

Combined heat and power

24
Q

State another name for CHP

A

Co-generation

25
Disadvantages of traditional power plants
Energy is wasted and does not add value to the electricity production process
26
How do CHP plants differ from traditional power plants
They make use of thermal energy in steam unlike traditional power plants
27
Advantages of CHP plants
Increased efficiency Transmission losses are produced Carbon emissions reduced Energy bills minimised