Chapter 5 Flashcards
What two systems does anaerobic training include?
Anaerobic alactic system (phosphagen/creative phosphate) and anaerobic lactic system (glycolytic system)
List the long term adaptations that occur in response to the different anaerobic training modalities
Muscular strength, power, hypertrophy, muscular endurance, motor skills and coordination
List some different anaerobic training modalities
Resistance training, plyometric drills, speed agility and interval training
List the wide variety of physical and physiological adaptations to anaerobic training
Adaptations include changes to the nervous, muscular, connective tissue, endocrine and cardiovascular systems
Augmented neural drive is thought to occur via…
Increased agonist muscle recruitment, improved neuronal firing rates and greater synchronization in the timing of neural discharge during high-intensity muscular contractions
What percent of muscle tissue is activated in untrained individuals?
71%
The functional unit of the neuromuscular system is?
The motor unit
A motor unit consists of what two parts?
The alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it activates.
For small intricate muscles, a motor unit may innervate < ? muscle fibers
10
For large, powerful trunk and limb muscles, the alpha neuron my innervate ? > muscle fibers
100
What is the size principle?
Motor units are recruited in an ascending order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates (I.e. from type 1 to type 2)
Once a motor unit is recruited it needs ____ ______ in order to be rerecruited
Less activation
What is the exception to the size principle called?
Selective recruitment
What is selective recruitment?
It is when an athlete is able to inhibit the lower threshold motor units and in their place activate higher threshold motor units
What is the neuromuscular junction?
It is the interface between the nerve and skeletal muscle fibers
What’s another name for the myotatic reflex?
Stretch reflex
Resistance training in particular has been shown to increase reflex potentiation by between ___ and ___
19%, 55%
cross-education is…
Unilateral resistance training which produces increased strength and neural activity in the contralateral resting muscle
The term for when the force produced when both limbs contract together is lower than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally
Bilateral deficit
Bilateral facilitation is an increase in?
Voluntary activation of the agonist muscle groups
Hypertrophy is the
Term given to the enlargement of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA)
What are the two contractile proteins?
Actin and myosin
List two structural proteins
Titin and nebulin
List the seven different muscle fiber types
IIx, IIax, IIa, IIac, IIc, Ic, I