chapter 5

Question 1

pattern of inheritance for traits such as widow’s peak, ear attachment, toungue roll, cleft chin

Answer 1

single gene - two alleles

Question 2

pattern of inheritance for traits such as Blood Type

Answer 2

single gene - multiple alleles

Question 3

pattern of inheritance where many genes code for the trait - such as height, weight, intelligence and eye color

Answer 3

multiple genes

Question 4

pattern of inheritance for traits that are inherited through the sex chromosomes such as colorblindness and hemophilia and are more common in males

Answer 4

sex-linked traits

Question 5

Inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct trait of both alleles. such as Blood Type

Answer 5

codominant

Question 6

the X and Y chromosomes that determine gender and code for many traits. X is large and Y is small

Answer 6

sex chromosomes

Question 7

an abnormal condition inherited through mistakes with genes on DNA or from mistake in chromosome number or shape

Answer 7

genetic disorder

Question 8

genetic disorder

an abnormal condition inherited through mistakes with genes on DNA or from mistake in chromosome number or shape

Answer 8

genetic disorder

Question 9

genetic disorder

an abnormal condition inherited through mistakes with genes on DNA or from mistake in chromosome number or shape

Answer 9

genetic disorder

Question 10

A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems with a thick mucus produced and is due to a recessive allele on caused by the deletion of 3 bases

Answer 10

cystic fibrosis

Question 11

a sex linked blood disorder casued by a recessive allele on the X chromsome that affects the clotting mechanism.

Answer 11

hemophilia

Question 12

A disorder caused by having an extra Chromosome 21 because separation did not happen properly in meiosis - called Trisomy 21 - causes varying degrees of mental retardation and possible heart defects

Answer 12

Down’s Syndrome

Question 13

A codominant allele genetic disease that causes red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped which can cause clogging of the vessels

Answer 13

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 14

a tool used by geneticists to trace the inheritance of traits in humans

Answer 14

Pedigree

Question 15

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

Answer 15

Karyotype

Question 16

A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the DNA of a cell resulting in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally.

Answer 16

genetic engineering

Question 17

The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

Answer 17

selective breeding

Question 18

A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed.

Answer 18

inbreeding

Question 19

Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

Answer 19

hybridization

Question 20

Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism

Answer 20

cloning

Question 21

The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder

Answer 21

gene therapy

Question 22

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

Answer 22

genome

Question 23

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.

Answer 23

Human Genome Project

Question 24

The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals

Answer 24

DNA fingerprinting

Question 25

[genetically modified organism] an organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial genes.

Answer 25

GMO