Chapter 5

Question 1

Axon

Answer 1

long fiber that transmits electrical impulses down the length of a neuron

Question 2

Terminal buttons

Answer 2

structure at the end of an axon where chemical message is sent to another neuron

Question 3

Myelin

Answer 3

coating on axons that speeds transmission of electrical signals

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

space between terminal buttons on one neuron and dendrites of another neuron

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

chemical messengers that aid communication between neurons

Question 6

Neuron

Answer 6

cells in the central nervous system

Question 7

Central nervous system

Answer 7

brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Cortex

Answer 8

outer layers of the brain (the bumpy part)

Question 9

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 9

very front section of the cortex (forehead)

Important for planning, impulse control, attention

Question 10

Limbic system

Answer 10

interior structures involved in memory and emotions

Question 11

Amygdala

Answer 11

tiny structure involved in strong emotions, especially fear (almond shape

Question 12

Hippocampus

Answer 12

main memory center; works closely with amygdala

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

responds to signals from the amygdala and signals hormone release

Question 14

Cortisol

Answer 14

hormone released in response to stress

Question 15

Pituitary gland

Answer 15

sends hormones out to various parts of the body

Question 16

HPA Axis

Answer 16

hypothalamus – pituitary – adrenal – activated in response to stress/ threat to release stress hormones

Question 17

Experience-expectant growth

Answer 17

brain functions require basic experiences to develop normally
vision abilities, touch, hand-eye coordination, language development

Question 18

Experience-dependent growth

Answer 18

brain functions depend on particular,
variable experiences and therefore may or may not develop

particular language we hear, emotions we observe, how much read to, how much they sleep

Question 19

Colostrum

Answer 19

thick, high-calorie fluid secreted by breasts at birth

Very healthy for newborns

Question 20

Binocular vision

Answer 20

The ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image

Question 21

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 21

A situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between 2 and 6 months, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep.

Question 22

Immunization

Answer 22

a process that stimulates the body’s production of antibodies to defend against disease.

Question 23

Herd Immunity

Answer 23

The level of immunity necessary in a population in order to stop transmission of infectious diseases.

Question 24

Protein-calorie malnutrition

Answer 24

A condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food.
This deprivation can result in several illnesses, severe weight loss, and even death.

Question 25

Stunting

Answer 25

The failure of a child to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe and chronic malnutrition

Question 26

Wasting

Answer 26

The tendency for children to be severely underweight for their age as a result of malnutrition