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Med-Surg 1 > Chapter 49-Integumentary Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 49-Integumentary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major functions of the skin?

A

protection, temperature regulation, vit D metabolism, sensation and excretion

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2
Q

What is the integumentary system comprised of?

A

Hair, skin & nails

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3
Q

What is the major source of vitamin D for the body?

A

Epidermis, vit D enters by UV light that enters through circulation & GI system to facilitate calcium absorption

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4
Q

where is sensation controlled?

A

Dermis - many nerve receptors that communicate with the CNS

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5
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands?

A

most of the body’s surface

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6
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands?

A

hair follicles of the armpits and genitalia

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7
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

outermost cells of the immune system located in the epidermis. They ingest foreign substances and present the antigen to the body’s T cells which destroy the pathogen if needed.

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8
Q

What does the 3rd layer of skin, the subcutaneous tissue, contain?

A

adipose tissue, connective tissue, nerves and blood supply.

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9
Q

When complete death of a hair follicle is induced by heredity, stress or illness, what is this called?

A

Alopecia (baldness)

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10
Q

Coloration of this body part provides information about the perfusion status of the distal regions of the body.

A

nailbeds

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11
Q

All of the skin’s primary functions are affected by what?

A

age

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12
Q

What is included in the history assessment?

A

Demographics (age/race), personal history-comorbid conditions/medications, family history (many skin conditions are genetically linked), diet and environmental factors

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13
Q

What is included in a physical assessment of the skin?

A

color & temperature, moisture, integrity, cleanliness, tissue changes, vascular markings and lesions

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14
Q

Give an example (s) of a macule.

A

freckles, flat moles, petechiae (non-blanching, red to purple flat lesions)

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15
Q

An example of a patch.

A

port-wine stain, mongolian spots, vitiligo (irregularly shaped)

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16
Q

An example of a papule

A

lichen planus, elevated moles, warts

17
Q

Example of a plaque

A

Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, mycosis fungoides, eczema

18
Q

Example of a wheal

A

Insect bites, allergic reaction

19
Q

Example of a nodule

A

lipoma (fatty, benign tumor)

20
Q

examples of a tumor

A

lipoma, cancer, benign growth.

21
Q

What is a cyst?

A

elevated growth in the dermis or subQ tissue filled with a liquid or solid substance
ex: epidermoid or sebaceous cyst

22
Q

A vesicle?

A

elevated, filled with serous fluid and located in the epidermis. less than 1 cm
ex: small blister, varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, herpes simplex

23
Q

What is a bulla?

A

filled w/ serous fluid, greater than 1 cm

ex: large blister, partial-thickness burns, pemphigus vulgaris (autoimmune disorder, large breakout of blisters)

24
Q

a pustule?

A

filled with purulent fluid, size varies

ex: acne, folliculitis (inflammation of follicle)

25
Q

a scale?

A

flakes of stratum corneum, may be dry or oily

ex: skin flaking after a drug rash, scaly dermatitis

26
Q

a lichenification?

A

caused by excessive manipulation of skin (scratching, causing epidermis to become rough and thick
ex: chronic dermatitis

27
Q

an excoriation?

A

linear, hollowed out appearance, wound bed is dry

ex: abrasions from scratching

28
Q

fissure?

A

linear, cracked tissue that may extend into the dermis, wound bed dry or moist
ex: athlete’s foot

29
Q

what is an erosion?

A

limited to epidermis, red/moist & concave wound bed, heals without scar formation
ex: open vesicles or bullae

30
Q

what is a crust?

A

dried exudate from a wound bed (serum, blood or pus)

ex: eczema, scab, impetigo (bacterial infection in children, school sores)

31
Q

what is an atrophy?

A

thinning epidermis or dermis or both, skin appears thin and tears easily
ex: skin in older adults, striae (stretch marks)

32
Q

For pt’s in acute or long-term care, this risk assessment tool predicts the risk for skin changes caused by immobility, moisture and inadequate nutrition.

A

Braden Scale

33
Q

What is onycholysis?

A

The nail plate detaching from the nailbed

34
Q

What are the nursing implications for a skin biopsy?

A

Monitoring and supporting the patient’s response to the procedure, then biopsy care instructions

35
Q

What lab studies are done to identify a pathogen?

A

culture, site biopsy, CBC, chemistry screening, blood cultures and ultrasound

36
Q

What are the infectious sources to the skin?

A

fungal, bacterial, or viral

Med-Surg 1 (2 decks)

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