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SON 241-OB > Chapter 49 > Flashcards

Chapter 49 Flashcards

1
Q

Gestational Age

A

Menstrual age
First day of last menstrual period
12 days more than conceptual age

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2
Q

Conceptional Age

A

Date of conception
Embryological age
Zygote-12 days after conception

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3
Q

Ovulation

A

14 days after LMP
Ovum swept into Fallopian tube
Follicle becomes corpus lute and release estrogen and progesterone

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4
Q

Fertilization

A

1-2 days after ovum is released

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5
Q

Morula

A

rapid division

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6
Q

Blastocyst

A

4-5 days after fertilization within the uterus

Trophoblastic cells that release hCG

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7
Q

Implantation

A

12 days after fertilization
Zygote buried itself into one side of the uterus
Can cause bleeding

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8
Q

Trophoblastic cells

A

Produce hCG
Causes decidual reaction
Nourishes early pregnancy
Eat into the decidua to form lacunae, which promote reproduction of the trophoblastic cells and form a capillary network that will begin the transfusion of blood from mother to embryo

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9
Q

Double decidual sac sign

A

Interface between decidua capsularis and decidua along the far side of the endometrium
Reliable sign of early intrauterine pregnancy

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10
Q

What form around the gestational sac in early pregnancy

A

Villi

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11
Q

Up to 10 weeks

A

embryo

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12
Q

after 10 weeks

A

fetus

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13
Q

week 11 and 12

A

being fetal period

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14
Q

The primary yolk sac is pinched off by ____; ___and___ are then formed

A

embryonic coelm ; amniotic and chorionic sacs

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15
Q

After the amniotic and chorionic sacs form what is formed

A

the secondary yolk sac; marker of early pregnancy

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16
Q

What is the most accurate form of dating through 12 weeks

A

Crown rump length

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17
Q

How early can the crown rump length be demonstrated

A

5.5 weeks with TV

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18
Q

IUP visible when hCG level is greater than

A

3000mIU/ml

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19
Q

hCG level plateaus at how many weeks

A

10 weeks and decreases

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20
Q

hCG level doubles every how many days

A

every 3.5 days up to 7 weeks

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21
Q

What can we tell from hCG?

A

Does it correlate with size of sac?
Is it increasing the way it should?
Ectopic often does not increase properly
Trisomy 21 often increases more than it should
Is it decreasing before or later than it should?
Demise will cause a sudden drop
Trisomy 21 decreases later than 10 weeks

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22
Q

Goals for First Trimester Ultrasound

A 
Uterus and adnexa to visualize gestational sac
Measure fetal pole / embryo/ and/or sac
Heart rate
Multiples and chorionicity
Uterus, adnexa and cul de sac
Nuchal translucency if indicated
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23
Q

Gestasional sac grows how fast

A

1mm per day

10 weeks average 35-45mm MSD

24
Q

Appropriate placement and shape for gestational sac

A

fundus of the uterus ; oval/round

25
Q

Decidual wall thickness of gestational sac

A

3mm or more

26
Q

Mean Sac Diameter

A

length + width + height /3

27
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

on the myometrial side of decidual reaction

28
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

the villi covering the developing embryo

29
Q

yolk sac is seen between weeks

A

5 - 5.5 weeks

GS MSD- 12mm/ and no greater than 20 mm

30
Q

Yolk sac diameter up to

31
Q

Embryo seen at GS MSD of

32
Q

Function of the yolk sac

A

Nutrients to embryo
Hematopoiesis
Develops embryonic endoderm that forms the primitive gut

At 8 weeks with expansion of amnion it disconnects from the stalk
Usually not seen after 12 weeks

33
Q

Heart motion

A

4 mm CRL
5- 5.5 weeks
Adjacent to YS

34
Q

At how many weeks can the amnion membrane be seen

35
Q

The amnion membrane separates what

A

the amnion from the chorion

36
Q

The amnion and chorion fuse at ____ weeks

37
Q

T/F: In a normal pregnancy the chorion may have low level echoes

A

True (waste from early embryo)

38
Q

What happens at 5 weeks?

A

bilaminar embryonic disk undergoes gastrulation and converts into trilaminar embryonic disk

Oranogenesis begins

39
Q

What happens at 6 weeks?

A

At 6 weeks the trilaminar embryonic disk begins to fold which creates a C shaped embryo

40
Q

During embryonic folding, what develops?

A

dorsal aspect of yolk sac incorporated into embryo, developing foregut, midgut, hindgut, and forming entire gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, pancreas

41
Q

While embryonic folding continues what forms?

A

embryonic head, caudal portions, and lateral folds form, resulting in constriction or narrowing between embryo and yolk sac, creating the yolk stalk.

42
Q

What three structures create the umbilical cord?

A
  1. Yolk stalk
  2. Connecting stalk
  3. Allantois
43
Q

When does the spine start to develop?

44
Q

when does the brain start to develop?

45
Q

What three vesicles form at week 8?

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

46
Q

The Rhombencephalon divides further into what?

A

Metencephalon: Cephalic section
Myelencephalon: Caudal section

47
Q

The echogenic line seen in the crainium in 8.5-9 weeks is called what?

A

Midline falx

48
Q

The lateral ventricles also seen at in week 8.5-9 is called what?

A

choroid plexus

49
Q

The brain is almost complete at week ___

50
Q

When do limb buds begin to develop?

A

week 6, seen on US week 7

51
Q

Hands and feet are fully developed at week ___, along with calcification of bones

52
Q

First organ to be functional is the ___

53
Q

The heart is seen on ultrasound at week __

A

week 5 (CRL of 4mm)

54
Q

The heart is in the adult structure in how many weeks?

55
Q

Heart rate at
6 weeks:
9 week:
Late first and second trimester:

A

90-115 bpm
140-160 bpm
140 bpm

56
Q

Additional tests for chromosomal abnormalities

A

Amniocentesis: 16 weeks
Chorionic Villus sampling: 11-14 weeks

Fetal death rate; 1:300

SON 241-OB (1 decks)

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