Chapter 46 Flashcards
Anuria
absence of urine
Bacturia
bacteria in the urine
Casts
microscopic forms created from protein in renal tubules
Catheterization
to inserting a tubelike catheter through the urethra; typically performed to obtain uncontaminated urine directly from the bladder
clean-catch
the process of collecting a urine specimen in a way to
prevent contamination; generally collected mid-stream;
after proper cleansing of the surrounding area
crystals
Concentrated compounds in urine that resemble tiny
shards of glass
Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
A test performed to determine which particular bacteria are present and which antibiotics are effective against them
diuretic
An agent that causes increased urine production
glomerulonephritis
inflamation of the glomeruli in the kidneys from injury or illness; leads to impaired kidney function; also called
glomerular disease
glycosuria/glucosuria
the presence of glucose in the urine, typically seen in
uncontrolled diabetes; also called glycosuria
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine, often due to infection or injury
ketones
products of fat metabolism
micturate
to urine
micturition
another name for urination
occult
microscopic amounts of blood that cannot be detected
with the naked eye
oliguria
the production of small amount of urine
parasites
organisms that live, feed, and grow on or in other organisms
polyuria
excessive urination; typically more than 2,000 mL in a 24-hour period
proteinuria
the presence of protein in the urine; may indicate kidney or cardiovascular disease
pyuria
the presence of pus in the urine, often due to infection
refractometer
a device used to evaluate plasma protein and specific gravity in urine
renal threshold
the point at which the concentration of a substance in the blood causes it to spillover for removal through urine
sediment
cells, debris, and other solids found in urine
specific gravity
the density or concentration of urine, in relation to that of distilled water
spermatozoa-(singular, spermatozoon)
male reproductive cells; also called sperm
supernatant
fluid remaining at the top of a centrifuged specimen
suprapubic specimen
sterile urine specimen obtained by inserting a sterile needle into patient’s bladder through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
turbid
cloudy from suspended particles
urinalysis
a test performed at urine to determine physical, chemicals, and microscopic properties
urine
a waste product secreted by the kidneys
void
to urinate; to pass urine
