Chapter 44: Osmoreegulation And Excretion

Question 0

Osmoconformers are animals that

Answer 0

Have an internal environment isoosmotic with their external environment

Question 1

An albatross spreading its life hovering over the ocean provides an extreme example of ____, the process by which an animals control solute concentrations and balance waste gain and loss

Answer 1

Osmoregulation

Question 2

In a marine environment, animals that are isoosmotic relative to their environment

Answer 2

Experience no net water loss by osmosis

Question 3

Which type of organism would have the least chance of long-term survival in the given environment

Answer 3

Stenohaline animals that move between freshwater & seawater

Question 4

Why do freshwater fish excrete a large amount of very dilute urine?

Answer 4

Because they live in hypoosmotic solution, their cells take up excess water that must be excreted

Question 5

Dehydration in animals

Answer 5

May be less damaging in the presence of sugar

Question 6

How do aquatic birds such as the wandering albatross avoid becoming dehydrated even though they live in an environment that is almost entirely salt water

Answer 6

They actively transport excess salt from the blood into secretory tubules found in special excretory glands

Question 7

Most of our nitrogen-containing waste products are a result of

Answer 7

Protein metabolism

Question 8

Most aquatic animals excrete ammonia, whereas land animals excrete urea or uric acid. What is the most likely explanation for this difference?

Answer 8

Ammonia is very toxic, and it takes a lot of water to dilute it

Question 9

In our bodies, the primary nitrogen-containing compound excreted by our kidneys is

Answer 9

Urea

Question 10

The most effective molecule for nitrogenous waste disposal in desert animals would be

Answer 10

Uric acid because it does not require water for excretion

Question 11

Many insects, birds, and other reptiles excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid, which

Answer 11

Forms solids that are relatively insoluble and nontoxic

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the excretory system

Answer 12

All the listed responses are correct

Question 13

Metanephridia are found in ____ and function in _____

Answer 13

Annelids . . . Excretion and osmoregulation

Question 14

Which excretory system contains structures called flame bulbs that functions in filtration

Answer 14

Protonephridia

Question 15

Which of the following is filtered from blood but not normally found in urine

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

The filtrate formed by nephrons in the kidney is not urine. The filtrate is first refined and concentrated by the processes of ____, which form the urine that leaves the body

Answer 16

Reabsorption and secretion

Question 17

Which of the following is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the function of kidneys

Answer 17

The regulate the blood fluid composition

Question 18

Which of the following is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder in the mammals

Answer 18

Ureter

Question 19

The functional units of kidneys are

Answer 19

Nephrons

Question 20

The bed of capillaries in a vertebrate kidney where water, urea, and salts are filtered out of the blood is the _____

Answer 20

Glomerulus

Question 21

In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Answer 21

Filter the blood and capture the filtrate

Question 22

The fluid that enters vertebrate nephrons is called the filtrate. What is the source of the filtrate

Answer 22

Blood in the capillaries

Question 23

Which is an accurate statement about the anatomy of the human excretory system

Answer 23

The loop of Henle is located between the proximal tubule and the distal tubule l

Question 24

Which is an accurate pairing of a key excretory function with its definition

Answer 24

Excretion moves urine, the processed filtrate, out of the kidney, through the ureter, the bladder, and finally out the body via the urethra

Question 25

All of the following processed occur in the nephron of the kidney except

Answer 25

Blood cell formation

Question 26

As filtrate passes through the long loop of Henlen, salt is removed and concentrated in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla. Because of this high salt concentration, the nephron is able to

Answer 26

Establish a hyperosomotic interstitial medullary concentration

Question 27

What is the function of the ascending loop of henle

Answer 27

It helps maintain the concentration gradient of NaCl (salt) in the interstitial fluid, thus increasing water absorption

Question 28

The lowest osmotic potential inside a nephron will be found in

Answer 28

The thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of henle and the distal tubule

Question 29

At a particular position along a nephron, the osmotic potential of the filtrate is 500 mOsm/L whereas the surrounding kidney’s is 600 mOsm/L. Which of the following is the lowly results

Answer 29

Water will diffuse out of the nephron by osmosis

Question 30

The loops of henle in the kidneys of a desert kangaroo rat are much longer than those in a white laboratory rat because

Answer 30

Kangaroo rat is adapted to living in an environment where water is scarce

Question 31

What is the function of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) in the body

Answer 31

During times of higher solute concentration, ADH cause more water to be released from the nephrons to be reabsorbed by the blood

Question 32

Secretion of ADH (antidiurectic hormone) from the _____ occurs in response to ____ causes ____

Answer 32

Pituitary gland . . . Higher blood osmolarity . . . Increasing permeability to water of a collecting duct

Question 33

Alcohol consumption increases urinary output because alcohol

Answer 33

Inhabits ADH production and release

Question 34

What conditions are responsible for the stimulation of the JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus)

Answer 34

A decrease in the blood pressure or blood volume in the afferent arteriole