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118 and 119 > Chapter 43- Urerine Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 43- Urerine Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is cervical stenosis?

A

An acquired, narrowing of the cervix that creates an obstruction.

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2
Q

Who is most at risk for cervical stenosis?

A

Patients with history of cervical cancer and surgeries.

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3
Q

Explain the symptoms of cervical stenosis in menopausal and pre-menopausal patients.

A

Menopausal patients are often asymptomatic. Premenopausal experience abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain.

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4
Q

What is the most common congenital abnormality of the female genitals?

A

Imperforate hymen

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5
Q

What is an imperforate hymen?

A

A congenital pathology where there is not a hole in the hymen

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6
Q

What are symptoms of imperforate hymen?

A

Amenorrhea, pelvic pain, fluid in endometrium

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7
Q

What is a Gartner’s duct cyst? Where does it come from?

A

A congenital, vaginal mass from a remnant of the Wolffian duct

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of a Gartner’s duct cyst

A

Asymptomatic, but may be associated with renal anomalies.

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9
Q

What is a Nabothian cyst

A

Benign chronic inflammatory retention cysts located in the cervix.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Nabothian cysts?

A

Asymptomatic

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11
Q

How do Nabothian cysts appear sonographically?

A

Several small anecohic areas located in the cervix

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12
Q

What is the most common cervical cancer?

A

squamous cell carconoma

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13
Q

What is cervical carcinoma?

A

A malignant cervical tumor that affects women of menstrual age.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical carcinoma

A

Early lesions are asymptomatic, vaginal discharge, bleeding, obstruction

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15
Q

What is another name for fibroid?

A

A leiomyoma or myoma tumor

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16
Q

what is the most common gynecological tumor

A

leiomyoma/fibroids

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17
Q

Who is at risk for leiomyomas?

A

20-30% of women over the age of 30, especially african americans.

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18
Q

what is an estrogen-dependent, benign tumor

A

Fibroids

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19
Q

What are symptoms of leiomyoma

A

Enlarged uterus, excess bleeding, pelvic pain

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20
Q

what is a polyp

A

A benign protrusion of epithelium in endo/exo cervix

21
Q

Who is most at risk for cervical polyps

A

Women in late middle age

22
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical polyps

A

irregular bleeding

23
Q

What is adenomyosis

A

Ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

24
Q

What are the symptoms of adenomyosis

A

an enlarged uterus, occasionally with masses. 25% of patients experience pain and 60% bleeding

25
Q

What is leiomyosarcoma

A

A rare but aggressive, rapidly enlarging solid, malignant mass, typically in the uterine fundus

26
Q

Who does leiomyosarcoma affect

A

women aged 40-60

27
Q

What are the symptoms of leiomyosarcoma

A

abnormal bleeding

28
Q

What is endometrial hyperplasia

A

abnormal thickening of the endometrium that may be a precursor for endometrial cancer

29
Q

What are the symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia

A

heavy menstruation

30
Q

What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding?

A

hyperplasia

31
Q

what is an endometrial polyp?

A

Overgrowth of endometrial tissue covered by epithelium.

32
Q

Who is most likely to develop endometrial polyps?

A

women around menopause

33
Q

What are the possible symptoms of endometrial polyps?

A

Asymptomatic or uterine bleeding, infertility

34
Q

What is endometritis

A

infection located within the endometrium. infection could spread to tubes/adnexa

35
Q

Who is likely to develop endometritis?

A

Postpartum patients could develop after long labor, rupture of membranes, vaginitis, retained product of conception

36
Q

What are symptoms of endometritis

A

Back/Ab pain, fever, severe periods, sterility, constipation, pus/fluid in endo

37
Q

What are two other names for endometrial adhesions?

A

Synechiae and Asherman’s syndrome

38
Q

When might someone be at risk for synechiae?

A

post-trauma or surgery

39
Q

What are some common symptoms of synechiae

A

Infertility, pregnancy loss

40
Q

When might it be easier to diagnose synechiae?

A

With fluid in the endometrium, in the secretory phase, or with a gravid uterus

41
Q

what is endometrial carcinoma

A

a malignancy in the endometrium. Likely begins with thickened uterus

42
Q

Who is most likely to be at risk for endometrial carconoma

A

Menopausal patients. especially anovulatory, obese, and taking estrogen replacement

43
Q

what is the most common gynecological malignancy in America?

A

endometrial carcinoma

44
Q

What is the most common cervical finding?

A

nabothian cysts

45
Q

What is the most common cause of uterine calcifications

A

myomas

46
Q

After myoma, what is the next most common cause of uterine calcifications

A

arcurate artery calcification

47
Q

the cervical canal extends from the internal os where it joins the uterine cavity to the…?

A

external os where it projects into the vagina

48
Q

how does degeneration of a fibroid appear sonographically?

A

internal cystic areas and calcifications

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