Chapter 43: Pain Management Definitions

Question 1

Thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli usually cause pain. This converts energy produced by these stimuli into electrical energy. What is this defined as?

Answer 1

Transduction

Question 2

Pain impulse begins. What is this defined as?

Answer 2

Transmission

Question 3

The point at which a person is aware of pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

Once the brain perceives pain, there is a release of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids, which work to hinder the transmissions of pain and help produce an analgesic effect. What is this defined as?

Answer 4

Modulation

Question 5

Protective, short duration. identifiable cause

Physiological responses are usually from the SNS (fight or flight) tachycardia, anxiety, diaphoresis, muscle tension

Behavioral responses include grimacing, moaning, flinching, and guarding.
What is this defined as?

Answer 5

Acute Pain

Question 6

not protective and thus serves no purpose.
lasts longer than 6 months and is constant recurring with mold-severe intensity. (arthritis, low back pain, myofascial pain, headache) usually non-life threatening.

Physiological responses do not usually alter vital signs, but clients may have depression, fatigue, and a decreased level of functioning. What is this defined as?

Answer 6

Chronic Pain

Question 7

A person with chronic pain will seek numerous health care providers to alleviate pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 7

Pseudoaddiction

Question 8

Arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves.
It includes phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord injury, and diabetic neuropathy
pain typically responds to adjuvant medications (antidepressants, antiplasmodic agents, skeletal muscle relaxants). What is this defined as?

Answer 8

Neuropathic pain

Question 9

inhibition of the pain impulse of the nociceptive process. What is this defined as?

Answer 9

Modulation

Question 10

The point at which a person feels pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 10

Pain threshold

Question 11

Level of pain a person is willing to put up with. What is this defined as?

Answer 11

Pain tolerance

Question 12

Is chronic in the absence of an identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic pathological condition. What is this defined as?

Answer 12

Chronic Pain

Question 13

local infiltration of an anesthetic medication to induce loss of sensation to a body part. What is this defined as?

Answer 13

Local anesthesia

Question 14

is the injection of a local anesthetic to block a group of sensory nerve fibers. What is this defined as?

Answer 14

Regional anesthesia

Question 15

Permits control or reduction of severe pain and reduces the client’s overall opioid requirement; can be short- or long-term. What is this defined as?

Answer 15

Epidural anesthesia

Question 16

increases sensitivity to pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 16

Prostaglandins

Question 17

Pain sensitizing substances that surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spreading the apin message and causing an inflammatory response - prostaglandins, bradykinin, potassium, histamine, and substance. What is this defined as?

Answer 17

Neurotransmitters

Question 18

Sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber. What is this defined as?

Answer 18

Nociceptor

Question 19

Treatment of symptoms by applying pressure with the fingers to specific pressure points on the body. What is this defined as?

Answer 19

Acupressure

Question 20

A primary, chronic, neurobiological disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. It is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving. What is this defined as?

Answer 20

Addiction

Question 21

A variety of medications that enhance analgesics or have analgesic properties that were originally unknown. What is this defined as?

Answer 21

Adjuvants

Question 22

Medications that provide pain relief. There’s 3 types 1.nonopioids, including acetaminophen & nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, (NSAID’s), 2. Opioids (traditionally called narcotics) and 3. adjuvants/coanalgesics. What is this defined as?

Answer 22

Analgesics

Question 23

Behavioral therapy that involves giving individuals information about physiological responses (such as blood pressure or tension) and ways to exercise voluntary control over those responses. What is this defined as?

Answer 23

Biofeedback

Question 24

Pain that extends beyond treated steady chronic pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 24

Breakthrough Pain

Question 25

Stimulation of a person’s skin to prevent or reduce pain perception. A massage, warm bath, application of liniment, hot and cold therapies, and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation are some ways to reduce pain perception. What is this defined as?

Answer 25

Cutaneous Stimulation

Question 26

A state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in diminution of one or more of the drug’s effects over time. What is this defined as?

Answer 26

Drug Tolerance

Question 27

Method of pain control in which the client creates a mental image, concentrates on that image, and gradually becomes less aware of pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 27

Guided Imagery

Question 28

Pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of organic pathological condition. What is this defined as?

Answer 28

Idiopathic Pain

Question 29

Pertaining to natural and synthetic chemicals that have opium-like effects although they are not derived from opium. What is this defined as?

Answer 29

Opioids

Question 30

An unsutured catheter from a surgical wound placed near a nerve or groups of nerves connects to a pump containing a local anesthetic. What is this defined as?

Answer 30

Perineural infusion

Question 31

A state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level or the drug, and/or administration of an antagonist. What is this defined as?

Answer 31

Physical dependence

Question 32

Inert substance with no active ingredient. What is this defined as?

Answer 32

Placebos

Question 33

Injection of local anesthetic to block a group of sensory nerve fibers. What is this defined as?

Answer 33

Regional Anesthesia

Question 34

Relief from work or stress that leaves one feeling relaxed or less tense. What is this defined as?

Answer 34

Relaxation

Question 35

Technique in which a battery-powered device blocks pain impulses from reaching the spinal cord by delivering weak electrical pulses directly to the skin’s surface. What is this defined as?

Answer 35

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Question 36

A drug deliver system that allows the patient to self-administer an opioids such as (morphine, hydromorphone,and fentanyl) with minimum risk of overdose to control pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 36

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)