CHAPTER 43

Question 1

must withstand biting and chewing forces

Answer 1

mechanical

Question 2

any push or pull on matter is called

Answer 2

force

Question 3

types of stress and strains

Answer 3

tensile
compressive
shear

Question 4

pulls and stretches material. two forces applied in different difrections

Answer 4

tensile stress

Question 5

two forces applied in the same direction (ex: chewing is a type of this stress)

Answer 5

compressive stress

Question 6

two forces of material parallel to each other sliding in opposite directions. ex: clenching teeth, bruxism

Answer 6

shear stress

Question 7

the measure of the capacity of a metal to be stretched or drawn out by a pulling or tensile force without fracturing

Answer 7

ductility

Question 8

the most malleable metal

Answer 8

gold

Question 9

change in temp in the oral cavity resulting from ingesting hot or cold products leads in size changes in the material. Will result in expansion and contraction.

Answer 9

thermal changes

Question 10

happens when there are two different kind of metals inside the patients mouth

Answer 10

electrical properties / galvanic shock

Question 11

the mechanical property of a dental material. A permanent restoration must have enough _______ to resist indentation, scratching, or abrasion

Answer 11

hardness

Question 12

the reaction that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive factors such as temperature, humidity, and saline.

Answer 12

corrosion

Question 13

the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance

Answer 13

solubility

Question 14

measure of the capacity of a metal to be stretched or drawn out by a pulling or tensile force without fracturing

Answer 14

ductility

Question 15

measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force, such as rolling or hammering.

Answer 15

malleability

Question 16

thermal changes are of major concern for two reasons

Answer 16

1. contraction and expansion

2. need to protect pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temp.

Question 17

It is essential that the tooth structure and the restorative material have, as nearly as possible, the same ____ of contraction and expansion.

Answer 17

rate

Question 18

conditions that cause galvanic shock

Answer 18

two different metal composition in the mouth

saliva = good electricty conductor

Question 19

The surface discoloration that we see in older amalgam restorations in the mouth is referred to as

Answer 19

tarnish

Question 20

For a dental material to have specific mechanical properties, steps must occur in the application of the dental material. Techniques used in the placement help create the following effects.

Answer 20

flow
adhesion
retention
curing

Question 21

the ability of two unlike materials to

adhere to each other.

Answer 21

adhesion

Question 22

Characteristics of a dental material that will affect the adhesion process

Answer 22

wetting,

viscosity,

surface characteristic

film thickness

Question 23

the ability of a liquid to come into contact with a solid surface, and the small irregularities that may be present.

Answer 23

wetting

Question 24

is the property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily.

Answer 24

viscosity

Question 25

is the ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally.

Answer 25

retention

Question 26

a setting process of a dental material that is initiated by a chemical reaction or by a light in a blue wave spectrum

Answer 26

curing

Question 27

the technical name for silver fillings

Answer 27

amalgam

Question 28

Amalgam alloy powder is composed of the following metals:

Answer 28

silver tin copper zinc

Question 29

A high-copper alloy is made up of

Answer 29

40% to 70% silver, 8% to 28% copper, 15% to 30% tin.

Question 30

composed of gallium, indium, and tin and was approved by the ADA, but it has not been researched for its potential

Answer 30

galloy

Question 31

When mercury is combined with other materials in dental amalgam, its chemical nature changes so that it is essentially harmless. T or F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

the process by which mercury and alloy powders are mixed together to form the mass of amalgam needed to restore the tooth

Answer 32

amalgamation, trituration

Question 33

The amalgam is carried to the tooth by the amalgam carrier and placed in increments into the prepared tooth, with each increment condensed immediately with the use of:

Answer 33

amalgam condenser

Question 34

tool used to smooth the amalgam, making sure that no irregularities are present in the restoration

Answer 34

burnisher

Question 35

Composition of Composite Resins

Answer 35

organic resin matrix inorganic fillers coupling agent tooth coloured pigments

Question 36

resin matrix component also referred to as BIS-GMA

Answer 36

dimethacrylate

Question 37

the foundation of resins

Answer 37

BIS-GMA

Question 38

adds the strength and other characteristics needed in a restorative material. (reflects light for a more esthetically pleasing material)

Answer 38

filler

Question 39

Composites are classified by particle size as :

Answer 39

megafill macrofill midifill minifill microfill

Question 40

Composites that have a combination or mixed range of particle sizes are referred to as:

Answer 40

hybrids

Question 41

the process by which resin material is changed from a pliable state (in which it can be molded or shaped) into a hardened restoration. (occurs with light curing)

Answer 41

polymerization

Question 42

The exact curing time depends on the following:

Answer 42

manufacturers instructions shade of restorative material thickness and size of restoration

Question 43

have the ability to adhere CHEMICALLY to teeth and not mechanically

Answer 43

glass ionomer

Question 44

most unique feature of ionomer

Answer 44

releases | fluoride after the final setting.

Question 45

The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry

Answer 45

porcelain

Question 46

one that is fabricated outside the mouth by a dental laboratory technician. These restorations, also referred to as castings,

Answer 46

indirect restorative materials

Question 47

Composition of Whitening Materials

Answer 47

carbamide peroxide hydrogen peroxide

Question 48

Teeth become discolored and stained for many reasons including :

Answer 48

aging; consumption of staining substances such as coffee, tea, colas, and tobacco; trauma; use of tetracycline (antibiotic); excessive fluoride; nerve degeneration; aging of restorations.

Question 49

glass ionomer is especially desirable for the following applications:

Answer 49

primary teeth final restorations sealants core material for buildups

Question 50

a term in dentistry that describes the ability to remove decay or disease and bring back the proper function of a tooth.

Answer 50

restorative

Question 51

council formed to ensure that standards and strict specifications are followed by dental material manufacturing companies when a new dental material is developed

Answer 51

Council on dental materials instruments

Question 52

the change or deformation of a material as the result of stress.

Answer 52

strain

Question 53

the internal resistance or force that can cause distortion

Answer 53

stress

Question 54

Indications for Using Dental Amalgam

Answer 54

- Primary and permanent teeth - Stress-bearing areas - Small to medium-sized cavities in the posterior teeth - Severe destruction of tooth structure - cast-metal, metal-ceramic, and ceramic restorations - poor dental hygiene commitment - problematic moisture control - cheaper cost

Question 55

Contraindications to the Use of Dental Amalgam

Answer 55

- esthetics - allergy to mercury or other amalgam components - When a large restoration is needed and the cost of other restorative materials is not a factor

Question 56

Composition of Dental Amalgam

Answer 56

equal parts of mercury (43% to 54%) ``` amalgam alloy powder (46% to 57%) ```

Question 57

designed to cover the major portion, if not the entire clinical portion, of a tooth or several teeth for a longer period.

Answer 57

provisional restoration

Question 58

Cautions for Placing Glass Ionomers

Answer 58

* Avoid water contamination/contact with the material. * glossy appearance has disappeared=the setting stages have begun. * Protect the matrix band from the material

Question 59

1:1 ration mercury is called

Answer 59

eames technique

Question 60

Noble metals used for cast restorations consist of

Answer 60

gold palladium platinum

Question 61

this composite is supplied as a hybrid or nanofilled composite with enough filler included to make the material wear resistant.

Answer 61

flowable composites

Question 62

these composites resemble flowable composites but have the viscosity to allow the material to flow into the pits and fissures of the tooth surface.

Answer 62

sealant composites

Question 63

types of composites most often today. They contain a mixed range of particle sizes.

Answer 63

hybrid composites

Question 64

this type restoration is designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a limited time.

Answer 64

temporary restorative materials

Question 65

If a tooth has lost a filling or has a small pit within the enamel, an_______ would be selected.

Answer 65

IRM

Question 66

- Restoration of primary teeth (when permanent teeth are 2 years or less from eruption) - Restorative emergencies - Caries management programs - Placement as a base common uses of what :

Answer 66

IRM