Chapter 41

Question 1

What is the most sensitive and reliable indicator of neuro changes

Answer 1

Deterioration in LOC

Short term memory loss

Question 2

How to determine fall risk

Answer 2

Assess gait, balance, coordination

Question 3

Lifestyle choices that place patients at risk for neuro problems

Answer 3

Driving recklessly

Question 4

Psychosocial responses

Answer 4

Depends if it’s acute or chronic, age, gender, culture, have pt express feelings

Question 5

Physiological changes with age

Answer 5

Slow processing, recent memory loss, decrease perception of touch, change in perception of pain, change in sleep patterns, altered balance, increased risk for infection, pupils decrease in size

Question 6

Diagnostic test

Answer 6

CT: distinguish bone, soft tissue and fluids
MRI: brain, spinal cord, nerve roots, blood flow, ischemia r/t stroke
LP: between 3-4 vertebra, obtain CSF, check for blockage
- not used with ICP or skin infections
- fetal position on side
- collect 3-5 tubes of CSF
- complications: brain stem herniation, infection, leakage, hematoma
CSF analysis: pressure less then 20, clear in color, 0-5 cells, 15-45 protein, 50-75 glucose, 10-25 lactic acid
EEG: electrical activity, abnormal may be tissue death, intoxication, encephalitis or seizures
EMG: identify nerve and spinal and muscle disorders- MS, MG

Question 7

Decorticate vs Decerberate

Answer 7

Decorticate is arms inward towards chest
Decerberate is outward from the body
- worst with motor response