Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block One Exam 4 Practice Test > Chapter 40: Respiratory Practice Test > Flashcards

Chapter 40: Respiratory Practice Test Flashcards

1
Q

What body system controls ventilation regulation?

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do these two chemicals control?
O2 transport

C02 transport

A

ventilation regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A

Deliver oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This is regulated by these four factors?

Afterload

Preload

Cardiac output (CO)

Contractility

A

Blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These are the four most common defining characteristics of problems with what body system?

Decreased CO

Ischemia

Heart failure

Hypovolemia

A

Circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With a patient with COPD receive oxygen via NC ?

A

No because their lungs work on a CO2 drive. Oxygen can cause COPD patient to stop breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These four factors affect what part of the respiratory system?

Decrease in O2 carrying capacity of the red blood cell

Decreased inspired O2 concentration in the alveoli

Increased metabolic rate

Chest wall movement

A

Oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
These four major factors affect what body system?
History
Risk factors
Fatigue
Pain
A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four areas you would assess in regards to respiratory during a physical examination?

A

Breathing patterns

Cough

Respiratory infection

Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Activity intolerance
Ineffective breathing pattern
Ineffective airway clearance
Risk for infection
Impaired gas exchange
Decreased  cardiac output
Acute pain
Fatigue
This is what part of the nursing process?
A

Diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Providing a patent airway
Improving oxygenation
Increasing level of independence
Set priorities based on the patient’s tolerance level
Collaborative care

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Health promotion

Dyspnea management

Safety precautions with oxygen therapy

Mobilization of pulmonary secretions

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Implementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common disorders of the upper and lower airway include?

A

Upper Airway: Viruses

Lower Airway: pneumonia, TB, Valley Fever, Aspiration, flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This requires coordination of respiratory, cardiovascular, and hematological systems

A

Oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventilation or breathing

Alveolar-capillary gas exchange

Transporting O2 & CO2 between tissues & lungs

Moving O2 & CO2 between systemic capillaries and tissues by diffusion.

This is what process?

A

Oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What defense mechanisms are present in respiratory system to prevent entry of foreign bodies, irritants, microorganisms?

A

Cough

Cillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This includes inspiration & expiration

A

Ventilation

Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adequate ventilation is dependent on?

A

Clear airway

Intact CNS & respiratory centers in medulla and pons of brainstem

Intact thoracic cavity which expands and contracts

Pulmonary compliance (expansion) and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

O2 & CO2 are exchanged through diffusion at the ______?

A

alveolar capillary membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Efficient gas exchange depends on balance between?

A

Ventilation (V) or air flow & Perfusion (Q) or blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood flow to lungs may be normal, but ventilation is reduced ( VQ ratio)‏
What might reduce airflow, block airway?

A

Check Module 8 Voiceover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Areas ventilated, but not perfused (VQ ratio)‏

What might impair perfusion of oxygenated blood?

A

Check Module 8 Voiceover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This type of patients adjust to higher CO2 levels & breathing is may be controlled with hypoxic drive.
Must be kept slightly hypoxic.
Current research shows only a small % of these pts. have depressed CO2 receptors.

A

COPD Patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

To control ventilation Keep ____ liter flow & _______ levels as prescribed by physician .

A

O2

Pulse Oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Receptors in coratid bodies and aortic arch respond to ___ O2 to control ventilation.

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata responds to _____ CO2 or ___ pH to ____ rate/depth of respirations to control ventilation.

A

increase
decrease
increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

6 Lifestyle Factors affecting oxygenation?

A

Nutrition, exercise, smoking, BP management, drug abuse, stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3 Environmental factors affecting oxygenation?

A

urban pollution, occupational exposure to toxins, diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Four physiological factors affecting oxygenation?

A

Pulmonary or cardiac disease

Musculoskeletal or neuromuscular alterations affecting chest wall movement

Decreased O2 carrying capacity due to anemia or toxins (CO)

Hypovolemia due to blood or fluid loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Developmental factors due to the aging process that affects oxygenation?

A

Stiffening of elastin and collagen connective tissue supporting lungs leads to chest wall stiffness.

Decreased Elastic recoil

Osteoporosis alters shape of thorax

Altered alveolar shape decreased surface area

Cilia function decreases
 cough reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Decreased immune function. Increased risk of pneumonia, flu, TB.
This is an example of what type of body system change that could affect pulmonary function?

A

Cardiovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Does pt. c/o chest pain or difficulty breathing? Possible causes? Is airway patent?
Is skin pale, diaphoretic, dusky, or cyanotic?

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are VS & pulse oximetry readings?
Is the patient using accessory muscles to breathe? Such as?
This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Has the patient’s LOC changed?
Is the patient confused, anxious, or agitated?
Does the patient change position to facilitate breathing? E.g. tripod position
Are they orthopneac?
This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chief Complaint – onset, course, duration of respiratory sx.

Current symptoms possibly R/T Respiratory problem such as?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Patient/Family History of Lung/Heart Problems
Asthma Emphysema Bronchitis
PE
COPD
TB
Bronchiectasis Allergy hx, exposure
Infections
Lifestyle, med use.

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What conditions may cause this type ofpain?
Can you differentiate between cardiac, pulmonary, & muscular chest pain?
What lung conditions may cause this type of pain?

A

Chest Pain Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q 
Pulmonary (pleuritic)  pain may be
Sharp, stabbing, and intermittent
May increase with breathing, coughing
Dull, aching, and persistent
Usually felt on affected side, may be referred
May radiate to scapula.

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Chest Pain Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is a cough? Dry? Productive?

Purpose of cough?

What do you want to document about a cough?

A

Check module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q 
Present and past work experiences  (Why?)‏
Smoking habits
Activities of daily living tolerance
Cardiac risk factors
Stress level
Dietary habits
Relationship with significant others
Recreational habits

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Respiratory Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Respiratory effort
How can you tell if a patient is having trouble breathing?
What are S/Sx hypoxia?
Note: Cyanosis doesn’t occur until later hypoxia

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Physical Assessment

42
Q

Lung sounds – adventitious
Crackles, wheezing, rhonchi, stridor
What do these indicate?

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Physical Assessment

43
Q

Fluid status – s/sx dehydration, over-hydration
Why is this significant?

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Physical Assessment

44
Q

Observe facial expression & LOC
Note respiratory rate, rhythm, pattern, depth

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Assessment:

Inspection

45
Q

Inspect anterior and posterior thorax for symmetry
What might it indicate if one side larger or smaller than the other?

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Assessment:

Inspection

46
Q

Observe general condition and musculoskeletal development.

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Assessment:

Inspection

47
Q

This has an elliptical shape and causes the ribs to slope down?

A

Normal Chest Shape

48
Q

This occurs when width & depth equal, and causes the ribs to become horizontal.
This can be R/T chronic lung hyperinflation (emphysema)‏
This is normal w/aging and in infants

A

Barrel chest Shape

49
Q

What questions do you ask to assess ventilatory patterns?

A

What are these breathing patterns & what may cause?

50
Q 
Eupnea 
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Bradypnea 
Tachypnea
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation 
Apnea
These are examples of what?
A

Irregular breathing patterns

51
Q

Regular pattern of increased respirations followed by progressively more shallow respirations until apnea occurs.
This is defined as?

A

Cheyne-Stokes

52
Q

3-4 normal breaths with irregular periods of apnea.

This is defined as?

A

Biot’s

53
Q

This is a symptom of chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary or cardiac disease. what is this defined as?

A

Clubbing nails

54
Q

This is a late sign of hypoxia. PO2<40 (norm 80-100)‏ What is this defined as?

A

Cyanosis

55
Q

Central: tongue, soft palate, conjunctiva most indicative.

Peripheral: (nailbeds, earlobes) often sign of vasoconstriction.

Use these locations to check for?

A

Cyanosis

56
Q

Besides hypoxia, what conditions may increase respiratory rate?

A

Check Module 8 Respiratory voiceover

57
Q

When you assess a patient you are checking for skin that is dusky, cool & clammy – why?

A

Check Module 8 Respiratory voiceover

58
Q

Splinting of respirations can occur due to?

A

Pain

59
Q

Abnormal sounds that are superimposed on underlying breath sounds.
What is this defined as?

A

Adventitious Sounds

60
Q

Name three examples of adventitious blood sounds?

A

Crackles (Rales)
Wheezes
Rhonchi (Gurgles)

61
Q

COPD, chronic bronchitis occur with what kind of crackles? what disease process is this common in?

A

Early inspiratory crackles in obstructive disease

62
Q

pneumonia, CHF occur with what kind of crackles? what disease process is this common in?

A

Late inspiratory in restrictive disease

63
Q

This type of abnormal breath sound occurs due to narrow airways?

A

Wheezes

64
Q

This type of abnormal breath sound occurs primarily during expiration.
Coughing may clear.

A

Ronchi (Gurgles)

65
Q

10 types of diagnostic tests for respiratory issues?

A 
EKG
Chest X-Ray
CBC
Sputum
Skin Tests
ABGs
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Computerized Tomography (CT scan)
Bronchoscopy
Lung Scan
66
Q

Why would you order an EKG in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

to rule out cardiac etiology.

67
Q

Why would you order an Chest X-Ray in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

to diagnose emphysema, tumors,

valley fever, TB

68
Q

Why would you order a CBC in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

anemia, polycythemia, infection, allergies

69
Q

Why would you order a sputum sample in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

C&S to ID organism

70
Q

Why would you order an ABG in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

measure oxygenation, CO2 levels, ventilation, acid-base balance

71
Q

Why would you order a skin test in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

TB (PPD) & Valley fever (coccidiomycosis)‏

72
Q

Why would you order a Pulmonary Function Test in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

Measures lung volumes, airspeed & ease of airflow.

Strength of respiratory muscles.

73
Q

Why would you order a Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

To diagnose COPD, PE, lung cancer,

74
Q

What is the difference between a CT scan and a spherical CT scan?

A

CT: 2D

Spherical CT: 3D

75
Q

Why would you order a Bronchoscopy in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

examine tissue, biopsy, remove mucous plugs, collect sputum

76
Q

What is important to remember when performing a bronchoscopy ?

A

NPO until gag reflex returns

77
Q

Why would you order a Lung Scan (Nuclear Medicine) in a patient with respiratory issues?

A

Measure VPS or V/Q (Ventilation/Perfusion)

Diagnose or Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism

78
Q 
Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Impaired Gas Exchange
Activity  Intolerance, Self-care deficit
Anxiety
Fatigue
Powerlessness, Social Isolation
This is what part of the nursing process?
A

Diagnosis

79
Q

Maintain patent airway.
Improve comfort and ease of breathing.

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Goals (Outcomes)

80
Q

Maintain or improve ventilation and oxygenation.

Reduce/prevent risks associated with oxygenation problems such as skin and tissue breakdown, syncope, acid-base imbalance, hopelessness, isolation.

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Goals (Outcomes)

81
Q

Assessment

Therapeutic

Educational

Referral

Interventions for respiratory patients?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

82
Q

What are possible complications of URI?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

83
Q

Examples of Upper Respiratory Infection includes?

A

Common cold

Acute Viral rhinitis

84
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection commonly occur because of these two reasons?

A

Bacteria/virus invades upper airway.

Immune/inflammatory Response

85
Q

Immune/inflammatory Response occurs due to?

A

Swelling of infected tissue, increased mucous.

86
Q

What are s/sx that a Bacteria/virus has invaded a patient’s upper airway?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

87
Q

What are three common interventions for all URIs?

A

Rest
Fluid & nutrition
Meds

88
Q

What should be documented & reported when using interventions for URIs?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

89
Q

Why is rest an important intervention for a URI?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

90
Q

Influenza Virus:
What are S/Sx?
How long do sx last if uncomplicated?
What complications may occur?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

91
Q

Who should get a yearly flu shot?

What type of treatment is needed for Influenza Virus?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

92
Q

This illness has a significant morbidity and mortality with most deaths occurring in people over 60.
36,000 deaths per year in 2008.

A

Influenza Virus

93
Q

_________ results from beta-hemolytic streptococcal invasion.

A

Strep throat

94
Q

What are s/sx strep throat (pharyngitis) ?

What are possible complications if untreated?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

95
Q

For URI’s:
Warm salt water gargles, lozenges
Throat culture, antibiotics if bacterial only (Why?)‏

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Intervention

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

96
Q

Acute inflammation of pharynx (pharyngitis)

Cause & signs and symptoms?

A

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

97
Q

Laryngitis is caused by?

A

Virus

98
Q

S/S: Hoarseness, Sore throat, Nasal congestion.

Self limiting without long-term harm.

Treat symptoms with voice rest, fluids, and humidified air

This is common is what illness?

A

Laryngitis

99
Q

May also be caused by bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, or dental infections.

If not treated may cause meningitis, brain abscess and/or osteomyelitis

This occurs in what illness?

A

Acute Sinusitis

100
Q

Frequently develops as a result of an URI (particularly viral)‏
What are common s/sx?

A

Acute Sinusitis

See Module 8 Respiratory Voiceover

101
Q

This is what part of the nursing process?

A

Finished at Page 36 on Module 8 Respiratory

Block One Exam 4 Practice Test (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions