Chapter 40: Assessment of Endocrine Function

Question 1

what four things does the endocrine system coordinate?

Answer 1

metabolism, growth/development, blood glucose control, sexual functioning

Question 2

what is the leading cause of endocrine dysfunction?

Answer 2

under or over production of selected hormones

Question 3

the endocrine system is closely linked to the nervous system and is commonly referred to as what?

Answer 3

neuroendocrine regulation

Question 4

what two glands play an active role in endocrine function

Answer 4

hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 5

secretion of hormones is regulated by signals from what two things?

Answer 5

nervous system and levels of hormones in the blood (changes in glucose, sodium, potassium levels)

Question 6

hormonal release is controlled by what?

Answer 6

negative feedback system

Question 7

what is the term that means a chemical secreted into the bodily fluids by cells?

Answer 7

hormone

Question 8

what are the different endocrine glands?

Answer 8

hypothalamus, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal glands

Question 9

what is the size of a lima bean and communicates directly with the hypothalamus

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

what is shaped like a flattened funnel and forms the walls and floors of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

hypothalamus and pituitary play key roles in what?

Answer 11

the feedback system that regulates homeostasis

Question 12

what is the feedback system that regulates homeostasis commonly referred to as

Answer 12

hypothalamic pituitary system

Question 13

where are the adrenal glands located

Answer 13

on top of each kidney

Question 14

what are the 3 hormones that the adrenal cortex secretes

Answer 14

mineralcocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones

Question 15

what system controls the adrenal medulla

Answer 15

SNS

Question 16

what are secreted from the adrenal medulla?

Answer 16

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 17

where are the thyroid glands located

Answer 17

lateral to the trachea and joined by a thin strap of tissue

Question 18

what cells produce thyroid hormones

Answer 18

follicular cells

Question 19

since T3 and T4 targets all cells what can they do?

Answer 19

increase chemical reaction rates in all cells and increased metabolism

Question 20

control of metabolism occurs through what?

Answer 20

T3 and T4

Question 21

both T3 and T4 cause an increase in metabolism which leads to what?

Answer 21

increase in oxygen use and heat production in tissues

Question 22

most T3 and T4 is bound to what

Answer 22

plasma protein

Question 23

what happens when T4 is in the cell

Answer 23

it is converted into T3

Question 24

what is the most active thyroid hormone

Answer 24

T3

Question 25

what can the conversion of T4 into T3 be impaired by?

Answer 25

stress, starvation, beta blockers, amiodarone, corticostroids, methimazole, and propyl-thiouracil (PTU)

Question 26

what can increase the conversion of T4 to T3

Answer 26

cold temperatures

Question 27

Thyroid hormone production is dependent upon what

Answer 27

protein and iodine intake

Question 28

TRH from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete what

Answer 28

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 29

TSH stimulates thyroid follicular cells to produce and release what two things

Answer 29

T3 and T4

Question 30

parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone in response to what

Answer 30

low calcoum levels

Question 31

where is the pancrease located

Answer 31

LUQ

Question 32

what 2 types of functions does the pancreas have

Answer 32

exocrine and endocrine

Question 33

what is it called when a chemical is eleased through ducts to outside the body or into another surface within the body

Answer 33

exocrine

Question 34

what is it called when a chemical is relased directly into the blood stream

Answer 34

endocrine

Question 35

blood glucose is controlled by what

Answer 35

islet cells

Question 36

what two hormones that are released by pancreas play a central role

Answer 36

insulin and glucagon

Question 37

what is insulin released by

Answer 37

beta cells

Question 38

what is glucagon released by

Answer 38

beta cells

Question 39

what are some diagnostic studies to test endocrine function

Answer 39

glucose, Ca, TSH, K+