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Adult Health One > Chapter 40: Assessment of Endocrine Function > Flashcards

Chapter 40: Assessment of Endocrine Function Flashcards

1
Q

what four things does the endocrine system coordinate?

A

metabolism, growth/development, blood glucose control, sexual functioning

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2
Q

what is the leading cause of endocrine dysfunction?

A

under or over production of selected hormones

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3
Q

the endocrine system is closely linked to the nervous system and is commonly referred to as what?

A

neuroendocrine regulation

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4
Q

what two glands play an active role in endocrine function

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

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5
Q

secretion of hormones is regulated by signals from what two things?

A

nervous system and levels of hormones in the blood (changes in glucose, sodium, potassium levels)

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6
Q

hormonal release is controlled by what?

A

negative feedback system

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7
Q

what is the term that means a chemical secreted into the bodily fluids by cells?

A

hormone

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8
Q

what are the different endocrine glands?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal glands

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9
Q

what is the size of a lima bean and communicates directly with the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

what is shaped like a flattened funnel and forms the walls and floors of the 3rd ventricle

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

hypothalamus and pituitary play key roles in what?

A

the feedback system that regulates homeostasis

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12
Q

what is the feedback system that regulates homeostasis commonly referred to as

A

hypothalamic pituitary system

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13
Q

where are the adrenal glands located

A

on top of each kidney

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14
Q

what are the 3 hormones that the adrenal cortex secretes

A

mineralcocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones

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15
Q

what system controls the adrenal medulla

A

SNS

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16
Q

what are secreted from the adrenal medulla?

A

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

17
Q

where are the thyroid glands located

A

lateral to the trachea and joined by a thin strap of tissue

18
Q

what cells produce thyroid hormones

A

follicular cells

19
Q

since T3 and T4 targets all cells what can they do?

A

increase chemical reaction rates in all cells and increased metabolism

20
Q

control of metabolism occurs through what?

A

T3 and T4

21
Q

both T3 and T4 cause an increase in metabolism which leads to what?

A

increase in oxygen use and heat production in tissues

22
Q

most T3 and T4 is bound to what

A

plasma protein

23
Q

what happens when T4 is in the cell

A

it is converted into T3

24
Q

what is the most active thyroid hormone

A

T3

25
Q

what can the conversion of T4 into T3 be impaired by?

A

stress, starvation, beta blockers, amiodarone, corticostroids, methimazole, and propyl-thiouracil (PTU)

26
Q

what can increase the conversion of T4 to T3

A

cold temperatures

27
Q

Thyroid hormone production is dependent upon what

A

protein and iodine intake

28
Q

TRH from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete what

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

29
Q

TSH stimulates thyroid follicular cells to produce and release what two things

A

T3 and T4

30
Q

parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone in response to what

A

low calcoum levels

31
Q

where is the pancrease located

A

LUQ

32
Q

what 2 types of functions does the pancreas have

A

exocrine and endocrine

33
Q

what is it called when a chemical is eleased through ducts to outside the body or into another surface within the body

A

exocrine

34
Q

what is it called when a chemical is relased directly into the blood stream

A

endocrine

35
Q

blood glucose is controlled by what

A

islet cells

36
Q

what two hormones that are released by pancreas play a central role

A

insulin and glucagon

37
Q

what is insulin released by

A

beta cells

38
Q

what is glucagon released by

A

beta cells

39
Q

what are some diagnostic studies to test endocrine function

A

glucose, Ca, TSH, K+

Adult Health One (4 decks)

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