Chapter 40: Assessment of Endocrine Function Flashcards
what four things does the endocrine system coordinate?
metabolism, growth/development, blood glucose control, sexual functioning
what is the leading cause of endocrine dysfunction?
under or over production of selected hormones
the endocrine system is closely linked to the nervous system and is commonly referred to as what?
neuroendocrine regulation
what two glands play an active role in endocrine function
hypothalamus and pituitary
secretion of hormones is regulated by signals from what two things?
nervous system and levels of hormones in the blood (changes in glucose, sodium, potassium levels)
hormonal release is controlled by what?
negative feedback system
what is the term that means a chemical secreted into the bodily fluids by cells?
hormone
what are the different endocrine glands?
hypothalamus, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal glands
what is the size of a lima bean and communicates directly with the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
what is shaped like a flattened funnel and forms the walls and floors of the 3rd ventricle
hypothalamus
hypothalamus and pituitary play key roles in what?
the feedback system that regulates homeostasis
what is the feedback system that regulates homeostasis commonly referred to as
hypothalamic pituitary system
where are the adrenal glands located
on top of each kidney
what are the 3 hormones that the adrenal cortex secretes
mineralcocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones
what system controls the adrenal medulla
SNS
what are secreted from the adrenal medulla?
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
where are the thyroid glands located
lateral to the trachea and joined by a thin strap of tissue
what cells produce thyroid hormones
follicular cells
since T3 and T4 targets all cells what can they do?
increase chemical reaction rates in all cells and increased metabolism
control of metabolism occurs through what?
T3 and T4
both T3 and T4 cause an increase in metabolism which leads to what?
increase in oxygen use and heat production in tissues
most T3 and T4 is bound to what
plasma protein
what happens when T4 is in the cell
it is converted into T3
what is the most active thyroid hormone
T3
what can the conversion of T4 into T3 be impaired by?
stress, starvation, beta blockers, amiodarone, corticostroids, methimazole, and propyl-thiouracil (PTU)
what can increase the conversion of T4 to T3
cold temperatures
Thyroid hormone production is dependent upon what
protein and iodine intake
TRH from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete what
thyroid stimulating hormone
TSH stimulates thyroid follicular cells to produce and release what two things
T3 and T4
parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone in response to what
low calcoum levels
where is the pancrease located
LUQ
what 2 types of functions does the pancreas have
exocrine and endocrine
what is it called when a chemical is eleased through ducts to outside the body or into another surface within the body
exocrine
what is it called when a chemical is relased directly into the blood stream
endocrine
blood glucose is controlled by what
islet cells
what two hormones that are released by pancreas play a central role
insulin and glucagon
what is insulin released by
beta cells
what is glucagon released by
beta cells
what are some diagnostic studies to test endocrine function
glucose, Ca, TSH, K+
