Chapter 4 - Zionism Flashcards
What was the Balfour Declaration?
The declaration came at a time where the British were trying to please both the jews and Arab so they could maintain control and power over the middle east, the Balfour declaration was a promise to the jews to help it become a jewish land.
What was the British Mandate?
The British mandate was the official letter of Palestine, it was based on principles of allied and associated powers from WW1. The mandate showed officially that the British were in rule. The purpose of the mandate was to establish it was a British owned state but jews could do their own things. It was actually good for the British as they collected HUGE taxes from jews.
What year was the establishment of the State of Israel?
1948
What was the Zionist congress?
The first ever Zionist congress was held in Switzerland in 1897, chaired by Herzl the founder of the modern Zionism movement. The movement adopted hatikvah as an anthem. Until WW2 it created huge hype and sharp criticism that it wouldn’t help the jewish problems namely anti semitism. This is why the congress was moved to Switzerland and wasn’t kept in Germany like initially intended. In the first year of the Zionist congress women participated but weren’t granted rights to vote until the next year and the second Zionist congress. The main things spoken about at the congresses were combatting anti-Semitism and succeeding in granting the land of Palestine.
What are the 5 streams of Zionism?
Labour Zionsim (A.D Gordon), Religious Zionism (Rav Cook), Political Zionism (Herzl), Cultural Zionism (Achad Haam), Revisionist Zionism (Vladamir Jabotinsky).
Who was Leo Pinsker?
Born in Russian Poland, He became the leader of the Hibbat Tzion movement in 1884. He believed the only way of jewish survival is to have a homeland, and should give everything to get that. Believs to combat anti Semitism, A jewish state and respect between jews and non jews is needed.
Who was Moshe Hess?
Born in Germany, wrote a book ‘The holy history of mankind’ which was edited by Karl Marx in 1834. He was a jewish socialist. Believs there is no solution to anti Semitism and we just have to try ignore it, but the ideals of a home land and Shabbat are vital.
Who is Rav Alkalai
Son of the spiritual leader of the local jewish community. Lived in Palastine, in 1825 published a book ‘shema yisroel’, advocated jews moving to Palestine. Promoted speaking a unified language (Hebrew). Believed the messiah would only come when there was a jew filled state. Was religious and pro Zionism like us today. Only ways to combat anti semetism were Israel and Hebrew.
Who is Rabbi Kalisher?
Rabbi Kalisher: born in Poland, he was rabbi at the local community for over 40 years. He influenced people to open up jewish schools in Israel. He believed jews should work the land and should attack and fight for the land not wait for it to be given to them.
1st Aliyot details:
Why ? Pogroms When? Late 1800’s Where from: Russia Where did they go in Palestine: Petachtikvah, Rishon lezion What ideology? Zionism
2nd Aliyah details:
Why ? Pogroms When? early 1900’s Where from: Russia Where did they go in Palestine? Tel Aviv, Kibbutz Deganiah What ideology? Labour Zionism/ socialsim
3rd Aliyah details:
Why ? Anti semetic laws When? Early 1920’s Where from? Russia Where did they go in Palestine? Kibbutzim What ideology? Socialism
4th Aliyah details:
Why ? Anti semetic laws When? Mid 1920’s Where from? Poland Where did they go in Palestine? Growing cities What ideology? N/A
5th Aliyah details:
Why ? Anti semitism When? 1933-39 Where from? Germany, Austria,poland Where did they go in Palestine? Citties: They were intellegent. What ideology? N/A
