chapter 4 vocab

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a new organism is produced from one organism. the new organism will have hereditary material identical to the hereditary material of the parent organism

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

is a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

when cells have pairs of similar chromosomes

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

it contains information for an organisms growth and function

Question 5

eggs

Answer 5

are formed in the female reproductive organs

Question 6

fertilization

Answer 6

the joining of an egg and a sperm

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

is a section of DNA on a chromosome

Question 8

haploid

Answer 8

they only have one single form

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

produces haploid cells

Question 10

mitosis

Answer 10

each new nucleus also is an identical to the original nucleus

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

are any permanent change in the DNA sequence

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

the codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid

Question 13

sexual reproduction

Answer 13

two sex cells come together

Question 14

sperm

Answer 14

are found in Mens reproductive organs

Question 15

zygote

Answer 15

the cell that forms is a zygote

Question 16

parent cell

Answer 16

A cell that is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor of other cells or is the first in a line of developing cells. Also called mother cell

Question 17

daughter cell

Answer 17

Either of the two identical cells that form when a cell divides.

Question 18

cytokinesis

Answer 18

the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.

Question 19

apoptosis

Answer 19

a normal, genetically regulated process leading to the death of cells and triggered by the presence or absence of certain stimuli, as DNA damage.

Question 20

spindle

Answer 20

a rounded rod, usually of wood, tapering toward each end, used in hand-spinning to twist into thread the fibers drawn from the mass on the distaff, and on which the thread is wound as it is spun.

Question 21

fibers

Answer 21

an essential character, quality, or strength:

Question 22

chromosomes

Answer 22

The small bodies in the nucleus of a cell that carry the chemical “instructions” for reproduction of the cell. They consist of strands of DNA wrapped in a double helix around a core of proteins. Each species of plant or animal has a characteristic number of chromosomes. For human beings, for example, it is forty-six.

Question 23

centrioles

Answer 23

a small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body.