chapter 4 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

Bound morpheme that attached to a stem.

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2
Q

affixation

A

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes.

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3
Q

agglutinating language

A

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes.

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4
Q

allomorph

A

One of a set of non-distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar.

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5
Q

alternation

A

The morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological.

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6
Q

ambiguity

A

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.

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7
Q

analytic language

A

Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes.

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8
Q

bound morpheme

A

Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself.

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9
Q

bound root

A

Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right.

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10
Q

closed lexical category

A

Lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time.

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11
Q

compounding

A

Process of forming words by combining two or more independent words.

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12
Q

conjunction

A

A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.

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13
Q

content morpheme

A

Morpheme that carries semantic content as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function.

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14
Q

content word

A

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs.

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15
Q

derivation

A

A morphological process that changes a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way.

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16
Q

determiner

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

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17
Q

form

A

The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words.

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18
Q

free morpheme

A

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

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19
Q

function morpheme

A

Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.

20
Q

function word

A

A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase.

21
Q

fusional language

A

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem.

22
Q

hierarchical structure

A

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase.

23
Q

homophony

A

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same.

24
Q

incorporation

A

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a poly-synthetic language.

25
Q

infix

A

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem.

26
Q

inflection

A

A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

27
Q

input

A

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules.

28
Q

lexical category

A

Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties.

29
Q

lexicon

A

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties.

30
Q

morpheme

A

Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.

31
Q

morphology

A

The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes.

32
Q

open lexical category

A

Lexical category into which new members are often introduced.

33
Q

output

A

The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules.

34
Q

partial reduplication

A

Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated.

35
Q

polysynthetic language

A

A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.

36
Q

prefix

A

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem.

37
Q

preposition

A

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.

38
Q

productive

A

The capacity of a communication system for novel messages built out of discrete units to be produced and understood.

39
Q

pronoun

A

The name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc.

40
Q

reduplicant

A

The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication.

41
Q

reduplication

A

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word.

42
Q

root

A

The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach.

43
Q

simultaneous affix

A

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem.

44
Q

stem

A

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added. The stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes.

45
Q

suffix

A

Affix that attaches to the end of a stem.

46
Q

suppletion

A

A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphological derived from the other.