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Carbon Chemistry > Chapter 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

The hardest mineral

Forms deep within the earth

A

Diamond

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2
Q

In pencils

Each carbon bonds tightly to 3 other carbon atoms

A

Graphite

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3
Q

A form that consists of carbon atoms in repeating patterns

A

Fullerene

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4
Q

Compounds that contain CARBON

A

Organic compounds

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5
Q

An organic compound that contains ONLY carbon & hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbons

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6
Q

A combination of SYMBOLS that represents the elements in each molecule
Ex: H2O

A

Molecular formula

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7
Q

A description of a molecule that shows the ARRANGEMENT, kind, & number of atoms in each molecule

Ex: H-O-H

A

Structural formula

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8
Q

A number in a formula written lower & smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule

A

Subscript

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9
Q

Compounds with the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT structural formula

A

Isomer

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10
Q

Hydrocarbon in which ALL of the bonds between carbons are single bonds

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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11
Q

A hydrocarbon in which ONE or MORE bonds between carbons are double (or triple) bonds

A

UNsaturated hydrocarbon

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12
Q

A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is REPLACED by other atom

A

Substituted hydrocarbon

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13
Q

An -OH group

Found in alcohols

A

Hydroxyl group

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14
Q

A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

A

Alcohol

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15
Q

A substituted hydrocarbon with one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups

A

Organic acid

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16
Q

A -COOH group

Found in organic acids

A

Carboxyl group

17
Q

An organic compound made by combining BOTH an alcohol & organic acid
Gives fruits their fragrance

A

Esther

18
Q

A LARGE molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules (monomers) are bound together

A

Polymer

19
Q

SMALLER molecules in the chain of larger (polymer) molecules

A

MONOmer

20
Q

A material that is NOT formed naturally.

It is manufactured

A

Synthetic

21
Q

The process by which the body BREAKS DOWN large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules

A

Digestion

22
Q

ENERGY RICH organic molecule

A

Carbohydrates

23
Q

A simple sugar (monomer) found in the body

A

Glucose

24
Q

A long chain, or POLYMER, of simple carbohydrates

A

Complex carbohydrates

25
Q

A complex carbohydrate in which PLANTS store ENERGY

A

Starch

26
Q

A complex carbohydrate in which PLANT STRUCTURES are made

A

Cellulose

27
Q

An organic compound that is a POLYMER of AMINO ACIDS

A

Protein

28
Q

An energy rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Made up of monomers of fatty acids
Has twice the amount of energy than carbohydrate

A

Lipid

29
Q

Organic molecule that is a monomer of fat or oil

A

Fatty acids

30
Q

A waxy substance found in animal cells

Excess of it can cause heart disease

A

Cholesterol

31
Q

A very large organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and PHOSPHORUS

A

Nucleic acids

32
Q

An example of a nucleic acid

Ribo nucleic acid

A

RNA

33
Q

An organic compound that is the monomer of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

34
Q

Organic compounds that serve as HELPER molecules in a variety of chemical reactions in the body

A

Vitamins

35
Q

A single element, needed by the body, that is NOT organic

Ex: calcium, iron, iodine, sodium

A

Minerals

Carbon Chemistry (1 decks)

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