Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

The hardest mineral

Forms deep within the earth

Answer 1

Diamond

Question 2

In pencils

Each carbon bonds tightly to 3 other carbon atoms

Answer 2

Graphite

Question 3

A form that consists of carbon atoms in repeating patterns

Answer 3

Fullerene

Question 4

Compounds that contain CARBON

Answer 4

Organic compounds

Question 5

An organic compound that contains ONLY carbon & hydrogen

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons

Question 6

A combination of SYMBOLS that represents the elements in each molecule
Ex: H2O

Answer 6

Molecular formula

Question 7

A description of a molecule that shows the ARRANGEMENT, kind, & number of atoms in each molecule

Ex: H-O-H

Answer 7

Structural formula

Question 8

A number in a formula written lower & smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule

Answer 8

Subscript

Question 9

Compounds with the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT structural formula

Answer 9

Isomer

Question 10

Hydrocarbon in which ALL of the bonds between carbons are single bonds

Answer 10

Saturated hydrocarbon

Question 11

A hydrocarbon in which ONE or MORE bonds between carbons are double (or triple) bonds

Answer 11

UNsaturated hydrocarbon

Question 12

A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is REPLACED by other atom

Answer 12

Substituted hydrocarbon

Question 13

An -OH group

Found in alcohols

Answer 13

Hydroxyl group

Question 14

A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

Answer 14

Alcohol

Question 15

A substituted hydrocarbon with one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups

Answer 15

Organic acid

Question 16

A -COOH group

Found in organic acids

Answer 16

Carboxyl group

Question 17

An organic compound made by combining BOTH an alcohol & organic acid
Gives fruits their fragrance

Answer 17

Esther

Question 18

A LARGE molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules (monomers) are bound together

Answer 18

Polymer

Question 19

SMALLER molecules in the chain of larger (polymer) molecules

Answer 19

MONOmer

Question 20

A material that is NOT formed naturally.

It is manufactured

Answer 20

Synthetic

Question 21

The process by which the body BREAKS DOWN large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules

Answer 21

Digestion

Question 22

ENERGY RICH organic molecule

Answer 22

Carbohydrates

Question 23

A simple sugar (monomer) found in the body

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

A long chain, or POLYMER, of simple carbohydrates

Answer 24

Complex carbohydrates

Question 25

A complex carbohydrate in which PLANTS store ENERGY

Answer 25

Starch

Question 26

A complex carbohydrate in which PLANT STRUCTURES are made

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

An organic compound that is a POLYMER of AMINO ACIDS

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

An energy rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Made up of monomers of fatty acids Has twice the amount of energy than carbohydrate

Answer 28

Lipid

Question 29

Organic molecule that is a monomer of fat or oil

Answer 29

Fatty acids

Question 30

A waxy substance found in animal cells | Excess of it can cause heart disease

Answer 30

Cholesterol

Question 31

A very large organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and PHOSPHORUS

Answer 31

Nucleic acids

Question 32

An example of a nucleic acid | Ribo nucleic acid

Answer 32

RNA

Question 33

An organic compound that is the monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 33

Nucleotide

Question 34

Organic compounds that serve as HELPER molecules in a variety of chemical reactions in the body

Answer 34

Vitamins

Question 35

A single element, needed by the body, that is NOT organic | Ex: calcium, iron, iodine, sodium

Answer 35

Minerals