Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
The hardest mineral
Forms deep within the earth
Diamond
In pencils
Each carbon bonds tightly to 3 other carbon atoms
Graphite
A form that consists of carbon atoms in repeating patterns
Fullerene
Compounds that contain CARBON
Organic compounds
An organic compound that contains ONLY carbon & hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
A combination of SYMBOLS that represents the elements in each molecule
Ex: H2O
Molecular formula
A description of a molecule that shows the ARRANGEMENT, kind, & number of atoms in each molecule
Ex: H-O-H
Structural formula
A number in a formula written lower & smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule
Subscript
Compounds with the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT structural formula
Isomer
Hydrocarbon in which ALL of the bonds between carbons are single bonds
Saturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon in which ONE or MORE bonds between carbons are double (or triple) bonds
UNsaturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is REPLACED by other atom
Substituted hydrocarbon
An -OH group
Found in alcohols
Hydroxyl group
A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Alcohol
A substituted hydrocarbon with one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups
Organic acid
A -COOH group
Found in organic acids
Carboxyl group
An organic compound made by combining BOTH an alcohol & organic acid
Gives fruits their fragrance
Esther
A LARGE molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules (monomers) are bound together
Polymer
SMALLER molecules in the chain of larger (polymer) molecules
MONOmer
A material that is NOT formed naturally.
It is manufactured
Synthetic
The process by which the body BREAKS DOWN large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules
Digestion
ENERGY RICH organic molecule
Carbohydrates
A simple sugar (monomer) found in the body
Glucose
A long chain, or POLYMER, of simple carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates
A complex carbohydrate in which PLANTS store ENERGY
Starch
A complex carbohydrate in which PLANT STRUCTURES are made
Cellulose
An organic compound that is a POLYMER of AMINO ACIDS
Protein
An energy rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Made up of monomers of fatty acids
Has twice the amount of energy than carbohydrate
Lipid
Organic molecule that is a monomer of fat or oil
Fatty acids
A waxy substance found in animal cells
Excess of it can cause heart disease
Cholesterol
A very large organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and PHOSPHORUS
Nucleic acids
An example of a nucleic acid
Ribo nucleic acid
RNA
An organic compound that is the monomer of nucleic acids
Nucleotide
Organic compounds that serve as HELPER molecules in a variety of chemical reactions in the body
Vitamins
A single element, needed by the body, that is NOT organic
Ex: calcium, iron, iodine, sodium
Minerals
