Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
The hardest mineral
Forms deep within the earth
Diamond
In pencils
Each carbon bonds tightly to 3 other carbon atoms
Graphite
A form that consists of carbon atoms in repeating patterns
Fullerene
Compounds that contain CARBON
Organic compounds
An organic compound that contains ONLY carbon & hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
A combination of SYMBOLS that represents the elements in each molecule
Ex: H2O
Molecular formula
A description of a molecule that shows the ARRANGEMENT, kind, & number of atoms in each molecule
Ex: H-O-H
Structural formula
A number in a formula written lower & smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule
Subscript
Compounds with the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT structural formula
Isomer
Hydrocarbon in which ALL of the bonds between carbons are single bonds
Saturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon in which ONE or MORE bonds between carbons are double (or triple) bonds
UNsaturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is REPLACED by other atom
Substituted hydrocarbon
An -OH group
Found in alcohols
Hydroxyl group
A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Alcohol
A substituted hydrocarbon with one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups
Organic acid
A -COOH group
Found in organic acids
Carboxyl group
An organic compound made by combining BOTH an alcohol & organic acid
Gives fruits their fragrance
Esther
A LARGE molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules (monomers) are bound together
Polymer
SMALLER molecules in the chain of larger (polymer) molecules
MONOmer
A material that is NOT formed naturally.
It is manufactured
Synthetic
The process by which the body BREAKS DOWN large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules
Digestion
ENERGY RICH organic molecule
Carbohydrates
A simple sugar (monomer) found in the body
Glucose
A long chain, or POLYMER, of simple carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates