Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Passive transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.
Active transport
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.
Endocytosis
The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
Exocytosis
The process in which a cell release a particle by enclosing the particle by enclo
Diffusion
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
Cellular respiration
The process by which cell’s use oxygen to produce energy from food.
Fermentation
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
Cell cycle
The life cycle of a cell.
Chromosome
In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Mitosis
In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell.
