Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
Enzymes
Special proteins that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism, as well as the steps for the DNA replication and protein synthesis.
Anabolism
The buildup of larger molecules form smaller ones
Catabolism
The break down of larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy.
Dehydration Synthesis
Anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule;synthesis
Hydrolysis
Example of catabolism, which decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and splits a water molecule in the process.
Substrate
The target of enzyme action.
Active site
During an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, part of the enzyme molecule that temporarily combines with portions of the substrate molecules, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
Cofactor
A small molecule or ion the must combine with an enzyme for activity.
Coenzyme
A non-protein organic molecule required for the activity of a particular enzyme.
Energy
The capacity to change or move matter; that is, energy is the ability to do work.
Oxidation
Process by which oxygen combines with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of redcution
Glycolysis
The energy releasing breakdown of glucose to produce 2 pyruvic acid molecuels.
Citric Acid Cycle
Series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy; Also known as (Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
Series of metabolic reactions that capture the energy in the bonds of nutrient molecules as ATP.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Organic molecule that stores and releases energy, which may be used in cellular processes.
