Chapter 4 VICTIMOLOGY Flashcards
It was coined in the mid 1900s. Prior to this time crime was occuring, people were being victimized long before the scientific study of victims began.
VICTIMOLOGY
They are considered as the FATHERS OF THE STUDY OF VICTIMOLOGY.
Hans von Hentig and Benjamin Mendelsohn
They suggested the theory that the victim’s behavior and attitude caused the crime to be committed.
Hans von Hentig and Benjamin Mendelsohn
It is the scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the relationship between victims and offender.
VICTIMOLOGY
Examine victim patterns and tendencies.
VICTIMOLOGY
Study of the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have led to or contributed to their victimization.
VICTIMOLOGY
Branch of criminology that deals about the factors of victimization and contributory role of the victims in the crime.
VICTIMOLOGY
Scientific study of crime victims.
VICTIMOLOGY
Focuses on helping victims heal after a crime.
VICTIMOLOGY
Aim to understand the criminals motives and the underlying causes of crimes.
CRIMINOLOGY
Concerned with fostering recovery.
VICTIMOLOGISTS
Seeks prevention and seek to understand the social impact of crimes.
CRIMINOLOGISTS
The state, quality or fact of being a victim.
VICTIMITY
A person who victimizes others.
VICTIMIZER
This kind of victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is physical, psychological, and economic losses.
DIRECT OR PRIMARY CRIME VICTIM
Victims who experience the harms second hand.
INDIRECT OR SECONDARY CRIME VICTIM
Victims who experience the harm vicariously.
TERTIARY CRIME VICTIMS
German Criminologists & author, “The Criminal and His Victim: Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime.”
Hans von Hentig
He determined that some of the same characteristics that produce crime also produce victimization.
Hans von Hentig
He developed a typology on the degree to which the victims contributed to causing the criminal act.
Hans von Hentig
Consider that the victims may provoke victimization, acting as agents provocateurs, based on their characteristics.
Hans von Hentig
Father of Victimology.
Benjamin Mendelsohn
Coined the relationship between victims and criminals that they knew each other and had some kind of existing relationship.
Benjamin Mendelsohn
Victims bear no responsibility for their victimization, based on their behaviors or actions.
Benjamin Mendelsohn
First person to empirically investigate victim precipitation.
Marvin Wolfgang
Classic study of homicides occuring in Philadelphia.
Marvin Wolfgang
He examined 558 homicides, extent victims precipitated their own deaths.
Marvin Wolfgang
Victimologist & Author, “The Victim and His Criminal: A study in Functional Responsibility.”
Stephen Schafer
He used both social characteristics (hentig) and behaviors (mendelsohn), this typology places victims in group based in how responsible they are for their victimization.
Stephen Schafer
He classifies victims on the basis of their “functional responsibility.”
Stephen Schafer
Student of wolfgang, conducted an empirical investigation about rape incidents that were reported to the police.
Menachem Amir
His study shows that victims precipitated their own rapes and also identified common attributes.
Menachem Amir
First promulgated by Von Hentig in 1941 and applies only to violent victimization.
VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY
Its basic premise is that by acting in certain provocative ways, some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their victimization.
VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY
It occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attack first.
ACTIVE PRECIPITATION
It occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker.
PASSIVE PRECIPITATION
