CHAPTER 4: Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes

Question 1

both positive ions

Answer 1

Na and K

Question 2

also known as action membrane

Answer 2

Osmotic Pressure

Question 3

Inside of a membrane or nerve fiber has a high concentration of what?

Answer 3

Na

Question 4

Inside of a membrane or nerve fiber

Answer 4

Has a high concentration of Na

Question 5

It contains a large amount of sodium but only a small amount of potassium

Answer 5

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

Question 6

Extracellular fluid contains large amount of ________ but only a small amount of _________.

Answer 6

SODIUM
POTASSIUM

Question 7

intracellular fluid

Answer 7

Contains large amounts of potassium but only a small amount of sodium.

Question 8

Aside from sodium, the extracellular fluid contains a large amount of what?

Answer 8

CHLORIDE IONS

Question 9

the intracellular fluid contains very little of what?

Answer 9

CHLORIDE IONS

Question 10

Difference between electrolytes and other substances found in the ECF and ICF?

Answer 10

Extracellular fluid contains a large amount of sodium but only a small amount of potassium. Exactly the opposite is true of the intracellular fluid. Also, the extracellular fluid contains a large amount of chloride ions, whereas the intracellular fluid contains very little. But the concentrations of phosphates and proteins in the intracellular fluid are considerably greater than those
in the extracellular fluid

Question 11

concentrations of these in the intracellular fluid are considerably greater than those
in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 11

PHOSPHATES and PROTEINS

Question 12

are ions that are positively charged

Answer 12

Cations

Question 13

are ions that are negatively charged

Answer 13

Anions

Question 14

The structure of the membrane covering the outside of every cell of the body consists almost entirely of a ___________, but it also contains large numbers of protein molecules in the lipid, many of which penetrate all the way through the membrane.

Answer 14

LIPID BILAYER

Question 15

It is not miscible with either the extracellular fluid or the intracellular fluid

Answer 15

lipid bilayer

Question 16

it constitutes a barrier against movement of water molecules and water-soluble substances between the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments

Answer 16

LIPID BILAYER

Question 17

Most of these penetrating proteins,
therefore, can function as what?

Answer 17

TRANSPORT PROTEINS

Question 18

Some proteins have watery spaces all the way through the molecule and allow free movement of water, as well as selected ions or molecules; these are called __________.

Answer 18

CHANNEL PROTEINS

Question 19

A protein that bind with molecules or ions that are to be transported; conformational changes in the protein molecules then move the substances through the interstices of the protein to the other side of the membrane.

Answer 19

CARRIER PROTEINS

Question 20

channel proteins

Answer 20

A protein that has watery spaces all the way through the molecule and allows free movement of water, as well as selected ions or molecules

Question 21

carrier proteins

Answer 21

It binds with molecules or ions that are to be transported; conformational changes in the protein molecules then move the substances through the interstices of the protein to the other side of the membrane.

Question 22

are usually highly selective for the types of molecules or ions that are allowed to cross the membrane

Answer 22

Both the CHANNEL PROTEINS and the CARRIER PROTEINS

Question 23

contains a
large amount of sodium but only a small amount of potassium

Answer 23

extracellular fluid

Question 24

ECF contains a
large amount of _______ but only a small amount of _______

Answer 24

sodium
potassium

Question 25

intracellular fluid contains a
large amount of _________& but only a small amount of ‘__________.

Answer 25

potassium
sodium