Chapter 4 - Toxicity of Pesticides Flashcards
________ is the capacity of a substance to injure or poison a living system, such as a human being, an animal, a lake or a forest
Toxicity
What is pesticide exposure?
a. coming in contact with a pesticide
b. being poisoned by a pesticide
c. neither of the above
d. both of the above
a. Pesticide exposure is defined as coming in contact with a pesticide.
_____ ________ refers to how poisonous a pesticide is after one short-term exposure
Acute toxicity
_____ ________ is a one-time or short-term contact with pesticide
Acute exposure
_______ ________ is a delayed poisonous effect from exposure to a substance
Chronic toxicity
_______ ________ is a long-term repeated contact with pesticides
Chronic exposure
The effects of which type of exposure, acute or chronic, can be more easily detected and studied?
Acute
A pesticide dose is the ______ of pesticide to which a surface, plant or animal is exposed
amount
Name the three routes by which pesticides can enter your body
dermal, oral and inhalation
Some pesticides are poisonous no matter how they enter your body
true or false?
true
Which pesticide solution is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?
a. oil-based
b. water-based
c. dry
a. oil-based
Which areas of the body absorb pesticides quickly?
a. feet, hands, head and groin
b. scalp, nose, hands and arms
c. face, hands, torso and scalp
d. eyes, ears, scalp and genitals
d. eyes, ears, scalp and genitals
Which two routes of entry are likely to be the most important to you?
a. dermal and oral
b. dermal and inhalation
c. inhalation and oral
d. none of the above
b. dermal and inhalation
Which factor affects the toxicity of a pesticide?
a. route of entry
b. frequency and duration (rate) of exposure
c. dose received
d. all of the above
d. all of the above (a. route of entry, b. frequency and duration (rate) of exposure, c. dose received)
An example of a chronic effect is the drop in ______________, an essential body enzyme, caused by organophosphates and carbamates
Cholinesterase
_____ effects occur at the site of contact with pesticides while ________ effects occur away from the point of contact
local, systemic
pg49, par2
Skin rash, nausea, eye irritation and dizziness are examples of __________ toxic effects
reversible
pg49, par6
LD50 means “Lethal Dose Fifty.” It refers to the amount of a chemical that kills ____ the animals exposed to it in a laboratory test
half (50%)
The smaller the LD50 value, the less chemical required to be fatal, so the more poisonous the pesticide.
true or false?
true
Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity are measured as LD50. The higher the LD50 the ____ (more or less) toxic the pesticide
less
How is LD50 used?
a. LD50 is used with other tests to place pesticides in a “toxicity category” and give them a “signal word”
b. LD50 is used to compare the toxicity of different chemicals
c. LD50 is used to tell how a chemical acts and how sensitive different organs within an animal or human might be
a. LD50 is used with other tests to place pesticides in a “toxicity category” and give them a “signal word.”
LC50 means “Lethal _____________ Fifty.” It refers to the amount of chemical in the air that caused half of the test animals to die when they inhaled it
Concentration
pg52, par2
Six milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) is equal to ___ parts per million
six
pg52, par1
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Relatively non-toxic”
a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!
a. CAUTION!
pg53, toxicity categories table
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Highly toxic”
a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!
d. DANGER!
pg53, toxicity categories table
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Moderately toxic”
a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!
c. WARNING!
pg53, toxicity categories table
What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Slightly toxic”
a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!
a. CAUTION
pg53, toxicity categories table
The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause injury, while ______ is the risk or chance that harm will come from using the pesticide
hazard
pg53, par2
Is a highly toxic material always very hazardous?
a. no, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose a low risk or hazard
b. yes, no matter how it is handled a highly toxic material is always hazardous
a. no, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose a low risk or hazard
