Chapter 4 - Toxicity of Pesticides

Question 1

________ is the capacity of a substance to injure or poison a living system, such as a human being, an animal, a lake or a forest

Answer 1

Toxicity

Question 2

What is pesticide exposure?

a. coming in contact with a pesticide
b. being poisoned by a pesticide
c. neither of the above
d. both of the above

Answer 2

a. Pesticide exposure is defined as coming in contact with a pesticide.

Question 3

_____ ________ refers to how poisonous a pesticide is after one short-term exposure

Answer 3

Acute toxicity

Question 4

_____ ________ is a one-time or short-term contact with pesticide

Answer 4

Acute exposure

Question 5

_______ ________ is a delayed poisonous effect from exposure to a substance

Answer 5

Chronic toxicity

Question 6

_______ ________ is a long-term repeated contact with pesticides

Answer 6

Chronic exposure

Question 7

The effects of which type of exposure, acute or chronic, can be more easily detected and studied?

Answer 7

Acute

Question 8

A pesticide dose is the ______ of pesticide to which a surface, plant or animal is exposed

Answer 8

amount

Question 9

Name the three routes by which pesticides can enter your body

Answer 9

dermal, oral and inhalation

Question 10

Some pesticides are poisonous no matter how they enter your body
true or false?

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Which pesticide solution is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?

a. oil-based
b. water-based
c. dry

Answer 11

a. oil-based

Question 12

Which areas of the body absorb pesticides quickly?

a. feet, hands, head and groin
b. scalp, nose, hands and arms
c. face, hands, torso and scalp
d. eyes, ears, scalp and genitals

Answer 12

d. eyes, ears, scalp and genitals

Question 13

Which two routes of entry are likely to be the most important to you?

a. dermal and oral
b. dermal and inhalation
c. inhalation and oral
d. none of the above

Answer 13

b. dermal and inhalation

Question 14

Which factor affects the toxicity of a pesticide?

a. route of entry
b. frequency and duration (rate) of exposure
c. dose received
d. all of the above

Answer 14

d. all of the above (a. route of entry, b. frequency and duration (rate) of exposure, c. dose received)

Question 15

An example of a chronic effect is the drop in ______________, an essential body enzyme, caused by organophosphates and carbamates

Answer 15

Cholinesterase

Question 16

_____ effects occur at the site of contact with pesticides while ________ effects occur away from the point of contact

Answer 16

local, systemic

pg49, par2

Question 17

Skin rash, nausea, eye irritation and dizziness are examples of __________ toxic effects

Answer 17

reversible

pg49, par6

Question 18

LD50 means “Lethal Dose Fifty.” It refers to the amount of a chemical that kills ____ the animals exposed to it in a laboratory test

Answer 18

half (50%)

Question 19

The smaller the LD50 value, the less chemical required to be fatal, so the more poisonous the pesticide.
true or false?

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity are measured as LD50. The higher the LD50 the ____ (more or less) toxic the pesticide

Answer 20

less

Question 21

How is LD50 used?

a. LD50 is used with other tests to place pesticides in a “toxicity category” and give them a “signal word”
b. LD50 is used to compare the toxicity of different chemicals
c. LD50 is used to tell how a chemical acts and how sensitive different organs within an animal or human might be

Answer 21

a. LD50 is used with other tests to place pesticides in a “toxicity category” and give them a “signal word.”

Question 22

LC50 means “Lethal _____________ Fifty.” It refers to the amount of chemical in the air that caused half of the test animals to die when they inhaled it

Answer 22

Concentration

pg52, par2

Question 23

Six milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) is equal to ___ parts per million

Answer 23

six

pg52, par1

Question 24

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Relatively non-toxic”

a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!

Answer 24

a. CAUTION!

pg53, toxicity categories table

Question 25

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Highly toxic”

a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!

Answer 25

d. DANGER!

pg53, toxicity categories table

Question 26

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Moderately toxic”

a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!

Answer 26

c. WARNING!

pg53, toxicity categories table

Question 27

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Slightly toxic”

a. CAUTION!
b. DANGER!
c. WARNING!

Answer 27

a. CAUTION

pg53, toxicity categories table

Question 28

The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause injury, while ______ is the risk or chance that harm will come from using the pesticide

Answer 28

hazard

pg53, par2

Question 29

Is a highly toxic material always very hazardous?

a. no, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose a low risk or hazard
b. yes, no matter how it is handled a highly toxic material is always hazardous

Answer 29

a. no, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose a low risk or hazard