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AP CH 4 Tissues > Chapter 4 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

_____have groups of cells with a common embryonic origin that functions together to carry out_____activities?

A

_ Tissues

_ Specialized

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2
Q

Tissues have various types ranging from_____to_____to_____?

A

_ Hard (bone)

_ Semi Hard (Cartilage)

_ Liquid (blood)

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3
Q

Science that deals with the study of tissues is called?

A

Histology

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4
Q

A_____specialize in laboratory studies of cells and tissues for diagnosis?

A

Pathologist

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5
Q

With cell junctions this is between the plasma membranes of tissue cells?

A

Contact Points

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6
Q

5 most common types of cell junctions?

A

_ Tight Junctions

_ Gap Junctions

_ Adherens Junctions

_ Hemidesmosomes

_Desmosomes

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7
Q

This junction fuse cells together and seal off passageways between adjacent cells?

A

Tight Junctions

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8
Q

Tight junctions are common in the_____/_____/and_____ _____/ and prevents passage of substances between cells?

A

_ Stomach

_ Intestines

_ Urinary Bladder

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9
Q

This junction connects neighboring cells by tunnels called connexons?

A

Gap Junctions

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10
Q

With Junctions this is separated by gap (space)?

A

Plasma Membranes

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11
Q

Gap junctions permit_____communication between cells?

A

Rapid

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12
Q

4 types of tissue?

A

_ Epithelial Tissue

_ Connective Tissue

_ Muscular Tissue

_ Nervous Tissue

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13
Q

This type of tissue/ covers body surfaces/ lines systems and forms glands?

A

Epithelial Tissues

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14
Q

This type of tissue is the most common and it protects/ supports/ and binds organs?

A

Connective Tissue

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15
Q

This type of tissue generates physical force needed to make body structures move and generate body heat?

A

Muscular Tissue

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16
Q

This type of tissue detects body changes and responds by generating nerve impulses?

A

Nervous Tissue

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17
Q

This type tissue consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets; single or multiple layers?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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18
Q

With epithelial tissue/ cells are_____packed and held_____together?

A

_ Closely

_ Tightly

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19
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the epithelial tissue?

A

_ Selective Barrier Regulates Movement of Materials in an out of Body

_ Secretes (releases) Products onto Free (top) Surfaces

_ Protects Surfaces against Environment

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20
Q

Epithelial cell features?

A

_ Apical (free/top) Surface

_ Lateral Side Surface

_ Basal (bottom) Surface

_ Basement Membrane

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21
Q

With the epithelial cell features/ this faces body surface/ cavity/ or duct?

A

Apical (free/top) Surface

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22
Q

With the epithelial cell features/ what is between epithelium and connective tissue layer/ and is the point of attachment overlying epithelial tissue?

A

Basement Membrane

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23
Q

Epithelial tissues have a_____supply and is_____/ with a_____rate of cell division for renewal and repair?

A

_ Nerve

_ Avascular

_ High

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24
Q

When epithelial tissue lacks its own blood vessels/ and the blood vessels in underlining connective tissue deliver nutrients and eliminate waste is called what?

A

Avascular

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25
Q

2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

_ Covering and Lining Epithelium

_ Glandular Epithelium

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26
Q

This type of epithelial tissue is the outer covering of skin and it lines the systems?

A

Covering and Lining Epithelium

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27
Q

This type of epithelial tissue forms cells that secrete products?

A

Glandular Epithelium

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28
Q

Covering and lining epithelium is classified according to?

A

_ Number of Cell Layers

_ Shape of Cells

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29
Q

With covering and lining epithelium/ one or more layers depending on function defines?

A

Number of Cell Layers

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30
Q

With covering and lining epithelium/ a single layer of cells the same height defines?

A

Simple Epithelium

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31
Q

With covering and lining epithelium a single layer/ but appears to have multiple layers with tall and short cells define?

A

Pseudostratified Epithelium

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32
Q

With covering and lining epithelium/ 2 or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of wear and tear defines?

A

Stratified Epithelium

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33
Q

With covering and lining epithelium what are the cell shapes?

A

_ Squamous

_ Cuboidal

_ Columnar

_ Transitional

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34
Q

Squamous cell shapes are?

A

Flat Shaped

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35
Q

Cuboidal cell shapes are?

A

Cube Shaped

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36
Q

Columnar cell shapes are?

A

Tall Column Shaped

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37
Q

Transitional cell shapes are?

A

Cells That Change Shapes

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38
Q

Name the simple epithelium types with single rows?

A

_ Simple Squamous Epithelium

_ Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

_ Simple Columnar Epithelium

_ Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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39
Q

Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of flat cells?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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40
Q

2 types of simple squamous epithelium?

A

_ Endothelium

_ Mesothelium

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41
Q

Which type of simple squamous epithelium lines heart/ and blood vessels?

A

Endothelium

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42
Q

Which type of simple squamous epithelium forms organ coverings?

A

Mesothelium

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43
Q

Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of cube shaped cells?

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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44
Q

Which simple epithelium type has a single layer of column shaped cells?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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45
Q

2 types of simple columnar epithelium?

A

_ Nonciliated

_ Ciliated

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46
Q

Which type of simple columnar epithelium is located in the urine tubes and respiratory tract?

A

Ciliated

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47
Q

Which type of simple epithelium has a single layer but appears to have multiple layers that are tall and short cells?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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48
Q

What type of epithelium has multiple (2 or more) layers of cells?

A

Stratified Epithelium

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49
Q

The type of stratified epithelium depends on the_____of the cells at the_____(___) layer?

A

_ Shape

_ Apical (top)

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50
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium has a_____top?

A

Flat

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51
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium has a_____top?

A

Cubed

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52
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium has a_____top?

A

Column

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53
Q

Types of stratified epithelium?

A

_ Stratified Squamous Epithelium

_ Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

_ Stratified Columnar Epithelium

_ Transitional Epithelium

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54
Q

This stratified epithelium has multiple layers of cells with flat cells at the apical layer?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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55
Q

Which stratified epithelium type is where new cells are pushed toward surface further from blood supply/ then dehydrate and die?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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56
Q

2 types of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • Keratinized
  • Nonkeratinized
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57
Q

Which type of stratifed squamous epithelium is the top layer of the skin and protects and waterproofs skin?

A
  • Keratinized
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58
Q

The stratified _____ epithelum is a rare type of epithelium/ and has _____ shaped cells.

A
  • Cuboidal
  • Cube
59
Q

This stratified epithelium has columnar cells in the apical layer?

A
  • Stratified Columnar Epithelium
60
Q

This stratified epithelium type is located only in the urinary system?

A
  • Transitional Epithelium
61
Q

With transitional epithelium/ cells _____ shapes upon stretching/ and become _____/ and permits _____.

A
  • Change
  • Flaltened (squamous)
  • Distention (stretching)
62
Q

2 types of glandular epithelium.

A
  • Endocrine Glands
  • Exocrine Glands
63
Q

Which glandular epithelium is where hormone secretions are released directly into bloodstream?

A
  • Endocrine Glands
64
Q

Which glandular epithelium is where products are released into ducts (sweat and salivary glands)?

A
  • Exocrine Glands
65
Q

Functional classification of exocrine glands are based on?

A
  • How Product Is Secreted
66
Q

What are the 3 type of functional classification of exocrine glands?

A
  • Merocrine
  • Apocrine
  • Holocrine
67
Q

Which functional classification of exocrine glands has secretion by exocytosis/ and is the most common like sweat and salivary?

68
Q

Which functional classification of exocrine gland is the apical portion of cell secreted?

69
Q

Which functional classification of exocrine glands is where the entire cell is secreated/ sebaceous (oil) glands?

70
Q

This type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue?

A
  • Connective Tissue
71
Q

What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?

A

_ Binds Tissue Together

_ Supports and Strengthens Tissue

_ Transports Materials (blood)

_ Energy Reserves and Immune Responses

_ Protects and Insulates Internal Organs

72
Q

2 parts of connective tissue?

A

_ Extracellular Matrix

_ Cells

73
Q

With connective tissue this is the material between cells; fibers and ground substance?

74
Q

All connective tissue is vascular and supplied with nerves except_____?

75
Q

Extracellular matrix of connective tissue has 2 parts?

A

_ Ground Substance

_ Fibers

76
Q

What part of the extracellular matrix is between cells and fibers and can be hard/ semi hard/ or fluid/ and is a medium that permits exchange of materials between blood and cells?

A

Ground Substance

77
Q

What type of fibers are in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?

A

_ Collagen Fibers

_ Elastic Fibers

_ Reticular Fibers

78
Q

Which fiber in the matrix of connective tissue strengthens tissue?

A

Collagen Fibers

79
Q

Which fiber in the matrix of connective tissue has elasticity and has the ability to return to their original shape upon stretching?

A

Elastic Fibers

80
Q

6 Types of connective tissue cells?

A

_ Fibroblast

_ Adipocytes (fat cells)

_ Mast Cells

_ White Blood Cells

_ Macrophages

_ Plasma Cells

81
Q

These connective tissue cells secrete fibers and ground substances/ and are immature?

A

Fibroblasts

82
Q

These connective tissue cells store triglycerides (fat)?

A

Adipocytes (fat cells)

83
Q

These connective tissue cells produce histamine; vasodilator?

A

Mast Cells

84
Q

These connective tissue cells is for immune response?

A

White Blood Cells

85
Q

These connective tissue cells engulf debris by phagocytosis?

A

Macrophages

86
Q

These connective tissue cells secrete antibodies?

A

Plasma Cells

87
Q

What are the 2 classifications of connective tissue?

A

_ Embryonic Connective Tissue

_ Mature Connective Tissue

88
Q

Which classification of connective tissue is before birth?

A

Embryonic Connective Tissue

89
Q

2 types of embryonic connective tissue?

A

_ Mesenchyme

_ Mucus Connective Tissue

90
Q

Which classification of connective tissue is afterbirth?

A

Mature Connective Tissue

91
Q

What are the 5 types of mature connective tissue?

A

_ Loose

_ Dense

_ Cartilage

_ Bone

_ Liquid Connective Tissue

92
Q

With mature connective tissue what type has fewer fibers and many cells/ like areolar/ adipose/ and reticular?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

93
Q

With mature connective tissue what type has many fibers and fewer cells/ like dense regular/ dense irregular/ and elastic?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

94
Q

With mature connective tissue what type is hyaline/ fibrocartilage/ and elastic cartilage?

95
Q

With mature connective tissue what type is blood and lymph?

A

Liquid Connective Tissue

96
Q

Which type of embryonic connective tissue forms all other connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme

97
Q

Which type of embryonic connective tissue is the umbilical cord?

A

Mucus Connective Tissue

98
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue contain several types of cells and all 3 types of fiber?

99
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue contains adipocytes and is used for insulation and energy reserves?

100
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue forms framework of liver/ spleen/ and lymph nodes/ and contain the same type of fibers?

101
Q

Which type of dense connective tissue has bundles of collagen fibers arranged in parallel patterns that strengthens tissue and are found in tendons and ligaments?

A

Dense Regular

102
Q

Which type of dense connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged randomly that are located in tissues and pulled in many directions like the skin and heart?

A

Dense Irregular

103
Q

Which dense connective tissue has elastic fibers that stretch and recoil back to their original shape/ like in the lungs and blood vessels?

104
Q

This mature connective tissue is semi hard with a matrix surrounding chondrocytes with no blood vessels (avascular) or nerves (connective tissue exception)?

105
Q

Cartilage has semi hard matrix surrounding_____?

A

Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)

106
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

_ Hyaline

_ Fibrocartilage

_ Elastic

107
Q

With cartilage what type is most abundant and provides flexibility/ support and reduces friction with joints?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

108
Q

With cartilage what type is the strongest like intervertebral disc?

A

Fibrocartilage

109
Q

With cartilage what type has chondrocytes located within elastic fibers and provides elasticity/ like the external ear?

A

Elastic Cartilage

110
Q

Cartilage grows and repairs_____and it is_____?

A

_ Slowly

_ Avascular

111
Q

What are the 2 patterns of growth with cartilage?

A

_ Interstitial Growth

_ Appositional Growth

112
Q

Which of the 2 patterns of growth of cartilage has growth in length?

A

Interstitial Growth

113
Q

Which of the 2 patterns of growth of cartilage has growth in width?

A

Appositional Growth

114
Q

Which type of connective tissue has extracellular matrix that surrounds osteocytes?

A

Bone (osseous) Tissue

115
Q

2 types of bone tissue?

A

_ Compact

_ Spongy

116
Q

Which type of connective tissue is blood and lymph and has a liquid extracellular matrix?

A

Liquid Connective Tissue

117
Q

Sheets of tissue that cover or line structures are?

118
Q

2 types of membranes?

A

_ Epithelial Membranes

_ Synovial Membranes

119
Q

Which type of membrane is a combination of epithelium and underlying connective tissue layers and has 3 types?

A

Epithelial Membranes

120
Q

Which type of membrane line joints and contain only connective tissue but not epithelium?

A

Synovial Membranes

121
Q

3 types of epithelial membranes?

A

_ Mucous Membranes

_ Serous Membranes (serosa)

_ Cutaneous Membranes (skin)

122
Q

Which type of epithelial membrane lines systems that open directly to exterior/ like the digestive?

A

Mucous Membranes

123
Q

Which type of epithelial membrane is organ coverings that do not open directly to exterior/ like the pleura and has 2 layers?

A

Serous Membranes (serosa)

124
Q

2 types of layers with the serous membranes?

A

_ Visceral Layer

_ Parietal Layer

125
Q

Which type of serous membrane layer is the inner layer that covers organs?

A

Visceral layer

126
Q

Which type of serous membrane layer is that outer layer that attaches to cavity wall?

A

Parietal Layer

127
Q

Which type of epithelial membrane covers entire surface of body and consist of epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue)?

A

Cutaneous Membrane

128
Q

Which type of epithelial membrane lines freely movable joints and lack epithelium and contain only connective tissue?

A

Synovial Membranes

129
Q

3 types of muscle tissue?

A

_ Skeletal

_ Cardiac

_ Smooth

130
Q

Which muscle type is usually attached to bones and are long/ cylindrical striated fibers (cells) and has voluntary (conscious) control?

A

Skeletal Muscles

131
Q

Which muscle type is branched striated fibers that are joined by intercalated discs and has involuntary (without conscious) control?

A

Cardiac Muscle (heart wall)

132
Q

Which muscle type are the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines and have spindle shaped non-striated fibers and has involuntary control?

A

Smooth Muscles

133
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in nervous tissue?

A

_ Neurons (nerve cells)

_ Neuroglia

134
Q

With nervous tissue which type produce nerve impulses?

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

135
Q

With nervous tissue which type support nervous system?

136
Q

Replaces worn out/ damaged/ or dead cells is defined as?

A

Tissue Repair (restoring homeostasis)

137
Q

With tissue repair what are the 3 types of tissue?

A

_ Epithelial Tissue

_ Nervous Tissue

_ Fibrosis Tissue

138
Q

With tissue repair which type of tissue has the highest renewal capacity?

A

Epithelial Tissue

139
Q

With tissue repair which type of tissue has the poorest renewal capacity?

A

Nervous Tissue

140
Q

With tissue repair which type of tissue has scar tissue formation where fibroblast rapidly synthesizes fibers in matrix?

A

Fibrosis Tissue

141
Q

With tissue healing and aging/ tissues heal_____and leave less obvious scars in_____people?

A

_ Faster

_ Younger

142
Q

With tissue healing and aging/ younger tissues have a better nutritional state/_____ supply/ and a higher_____rate?

A

_ Blood

_ Metabolic

143
Q

With tissue healing and aging/_____ glucose/ changes in_____/ and elastic fibers contribute to the aging process?

A

_ Excessive

_ Collagen

AP CH 4 Tissues (1 decks)

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