Chapter 4: Tissue level of Organization

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

group of cells working together with their surrounding materials to perform a particular function.

Question 2

Describe epithelial tissue.

Answer 2

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, forms exocrine glands.

Question 3

What are the categories of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Surface epithelium which covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs.
Grandular epithelium which forms glands that produce and secrete products needed by the body.

Question 4

What are the four shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 4

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional

Question 5

Describe the four shapes of epithelial cells.

Answer 5

1. Squamous cells - thinnest cells, flattened nucleus,
2. Cuboidal cells - cube-like with round nucleus in the center of the cell
3. Columnar cells - tall with an oval nucleus close to the base of the cell
4. Transitional cell - change shape; the apical cells are cuboidal when the tissue is relaxed and squamous when the tissue is stretched.

Question 6

Give the 2 classifications for epithelial tissue.

Answer 6

Arrangement of cells in layers and the cell’s shape.

Question 7

What are the types of arrangement of cells in layer? describe.

Answer 7

1. Simple epithelium - 1 cell layer, diffusion, absorption = minimal distance
2. Stratified epithelium - 2 or more cell layers/thicker, found in areas where protection is needed
3. Pseudostratified epithelium - “multi-layered” ; basement membrane does not reach all the way to the top.

Question 8

3 types of simple epithelium

Answer 8

Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar

Question 9

4 types of stratified epithelium

Answer 9

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar and transitional epithelium (urothelium)

Question 10

What are the 2 glands that the Grandular epithelium covers?

Answer 10

Endocrine glands - secretes hormones that typically ends up in the bloodstreams then travels through the blood to a distant specific structure.

Exocrine glands - secretion that is produced that ends up in the surface of the tissue, and does have to travel in blood.

Question 11

What are the three functional classification of the exocrine glands? describe.

Answer 11

1. Merocrine glands - synthesized on ribosomes , processed, sorted and packaged by the golgi complex, released from the cell in secretory vesicles via exocytosis.
2. Apocrine glands - pinched off portion of the secreting cell through exocytosis, after that process, it repairs itself and repeats the process.
3. Holocrine - accumulate a secretory product in their cytosol, after it matures, it dies off then becomes the secretion

Question 12

one of the most abundant and widely distributed type of tissue in the body/most common type of tissue in the body

Answer 12

Connective tissue

Question 13

Describe the main functions of a connective tissue.

Answer 13

binds, supports, strengthens, protect internal organs, separate structures, transports

Question 14

What does a connective tissue lacks and vice versa?

Answer 14

it does not have an apical surface, but it