Chapter 4 (Tissue, Cell Types and Adhesions & Glands Flashcards
what are the three types of embryonic tissues
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
there are three types of embryonic tissues
name them in order and list fxn
- ectoderm - nervous system lining special senses oral and anal mucosa
- mesoderm - cardiovascular, muscle, bone, adipose
- endoderm - GI track mucosa, urogenital tract and respiratory
what are the four primary tissue classes
- epithelial
- connective tissue
- muscular tissue
- nervous tissue
what characterizes an organ
composed of 2 or more tissue types
tissue is what
similar cells and cell products
what are the three differences between tissue types
- types and functions of cells
- characteristics of extracellular material/matrix
- space occupied by cells versus matrix
what are the types of tissue sections - 3
- longitudinal - cut along longest direction of organ
- cross section - tissue cut perpendicular to length of organ
- oblique section - cut at an angle between cross and longitudinal section
what are three ways of preparation of histological specimens
- fixation prevents decay
- sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick
- mounted on slides and colored with histological stain
what are two types of hollow sectioning types
- cross section
- longitudinal
what are the 9 types of cell shapes
- squamous
- polygonal
- cuboidal
- columnar
- spheroid
- discoid
- stellate
- fusiform spindle shape
- fibrous
what is a tight junction
encircle the cell joining to surrounding cells
what’s an example of a tight junction
prevents passage between the GI cells and the urinary tract cells
what’s a gap junction
ring of transmembrane proteins a water filled channel
whats an example of a gap junction
embryos
what is desmosomes
patches between cells holding them together
whats an example of where desmosomes can be found
in the uterus
what are the words to describe types of tissue (2 words)
simple, stratified
what are two characteristics of stratified epithelial
- contains one layer of cells
- named by shape of cells
what are two characteristics of stratified epithelium
- contains more than one layer
- named by shape of apical cells
what are four characteristics of simple squamous epithelium
- single row of flat cells
- permits diffusion of substances
- secretes serous fluid
- Aveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa
what are three two characteristics of simple cuboidal and where it can be found
- single row cube-shaped cells with microvilli
- absorption and secretion, mucus production
Liver, thyroid, mammary, and salivary glands
what are two characteristics of simple columnar epithelium and where it can be found
- single row tail, narrow cells
absorption and secretion; mucus secretion
found in the lining of the GI tract, uterus, kidney
what are two characteristics of pseudostratified epithelium
- single row of cells some not reaching free surface
- secretes and propels respiratory mucus
what are four characteristics of startified epithelia
- more than one layer of cells
- named for shape of surface cells
- deepest cells on basement membrane
- variations
what is keratinized stratified squamous
multilayered epithelium covered with dead squamous cells, packed with keratin
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
multilayered surface epithelium forming moist, slipery layer
where can nonkeratinized stratified squamous found
tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus
what is stratified cuboidal epithelium
two or more cell layers
where can stratified cuboidal epithelium found
sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles
what is stratified columnar epithelium
rare two or more layers of columnar cells
where can stratified columnar epithelium found
male urethra, uterus
what is transitional epithelium
multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched
where can you find transitional epithelium
ureter and bladder
what are glands
glands consist of one or more cells that secrete specific product
what is an exocrine glands
exocrine glands connect surface with a duct such as an epithelial tube
what is an endocrine gland
secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
mixed organs do both what are three examples
- liver 2. gonads 3. pancreas
cell number has two types what are they
unicellular and multicellular
what are unicellular exocrine glands
are mucous and goblet cells
multicellular exocrine glands are classified by
structure, mode of secretion
what is secretion
a process of releasing product which is usually water-based fluid containing proteins
what are the four types of glands
- serous glands
- mucous glands
- mixed glands
- cytogenic glands
what are two differences between serous and mucous glands
- serous produce thin, watery secretions
- Mucous glands produce mucin that absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus
what can mixed glands contain
contain both cell types
cytogenic glands release
whole cells such as egg and sperm cells
within the exocrine gland structure, what are three key features
- stroma - capsule and septa divide gland into lobes and lobules
- parenchyma - cells that secrete
- acinus - cluster of cells surrounding the duct draining those cells
what’s a feature of holocrine secretion
- secretory cells disintegrate to deliver their accumulated product and is the oil-producing glands of the scalp
merocrine secretion release
their product by exocystosis through tears, gastric glands
apocrine secretion
visicles are produced by budding off plasma membrane of the secretory cell such as mammary glands and breast milk
membrane types (3)
cutaneous membrane - skin
synovial membrane lines joint cavities - connective tissue layer
serous membrane serosa internal membrane
what are 3 types of mucous membranes
- epithelium
- lamina
- propria
- muscularis mucosae
what is the job of mucous traps
they trap and remove foreign particles and bacteria
where are mucous membranes
they line passageways that open to the exterior
