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A&P I > Chapter 4 (Tissue, Cell Types and Adhesions & Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (Tissue, Cell Types and Adhesions & Glands Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of embryonic tissues

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
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2
Q

there are three types of embryonic tissues
name them in order and list fxn

A
  1. ectoderm - nervous system lining special senses oral and anal mucosa
  2. mesoderm - cardiovascular, muscle, bone, adipose
  3. endoderm - GI track mucosa, urogenital tract and respiratory
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3
Q

what are the four primary tissue classes

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscular tissue
  4. nervous tissue
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4
Q

what characterizes an organ

A

composed of 2 or more tissue types

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5
Q

tissue is what

A

similar cells and cell products

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6
Q

what are the three differences between tissue types

A
  1. types and functions of cells
  2. characteristics of extracellular material/matrix
  3. space occupied by cells versus matrix
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7
Q

what are the types of tissue sections - 3

A
  1. longitudinal - cut along longest direction of organ
  2. cross section - tissue cut perpendicular to length of organ
  3. oblique section - cut at an angle between cross and longitudinal section
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8
Q

what are three ways of preparation of histological specimens

A
  1. fixation prevents decay
  2. sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick
  3. mounted on slides and colored with histological stain
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9
Q

what are two types of hollow sectioning types

A
  1. cross section
  2. longitudinal
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10
Q

what are the 9 types of cell shapes

A
  1. squamous
  2. polygonal
  3. cuboidal
  4. columnar
  5. spheroid
  6. discoid
  7. stellate
  8. fusiform spindle shape
  9. fibrous
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11
Q

what is a tight junction

A

encircle the cell joining to surrounding cells

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12
Q

what’s an example of a tight junction

A

prevents passage between the GI cells and the urinary tract cells

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13
Q

what’s a gap junction

A

ring of transmembrane proteins a water filled channel

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14
Q

whats an example of a gap junction

A

embryos

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15
Q

what is desmosomes

A

patches between cells holding them together

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16
Q

whats an example of where desmosomes can be found

A

in the uterus

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17
Q

what are the words to describe types of tissue (2 words)

A

simple, stratified

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18
Q

what are two characteristics of stratified epithelial

A
  1. contains one layer of cells
  2. named by shape of cells
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19
Q

what are two characteristics of stratified epithelium

A
  1. contains more than one layer
  2. named by shape of apical cells
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20
Q

what are four characteristics of simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. single row of flat cells
  2. permits diffusion of substances
  3. secretes serous fluid
  4. Aveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa
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21
Q

what are three two characteristics of simple cuboidal and where it can be found

A
  1. single row cube-shaped cells with microvilli
  2. absorption and secretion, mucus production
    Liver, thyroid, mammary, and salivary glands
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22
Q

what are two characteristics of simple columnar epithelium and where it can be found

A
  1. single row tail, narrow cells
    absorption and secretion; mucus secretion
    found in the lining of the GI tract, uterus, kidney
23
Q

what are two characteristics of pseudostratified epithelium

A
  1. single row of cells some not reaching free surface
  2. secretes and propels respiratory mucus
24
Q

what are four characteristics of startified epithelia

A
  1. more than one layer of cells
  2. named for shape of surface cells
  3. deepest cells on basement membrane
  4. variations
25
Q

what is keratinized stratified squamous

A

multilayered epithelium covered with dead squamous cells, packed with keratin

26
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

A

multilayered surface epithelium forming moist, slipery layer

27
Q

where can nonkeratinized stratified squamous found

A

tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus

28
Q

what is stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two or more cell layers

29
Q

where can stratified cuboidal epithelium found

A

sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles

30
Q

what is stratified columnar epithelium

A

rare two or more layers of columnar cells

31
Q

where can stratified columnar epithelium found

A

male urethra, uterus

32
Q

what is transitional epithelium

A

multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched

33
Q

where can you find transitional epithelium

A

ureter and bladder

34
Q

what are glands

A

glands consist of one or more cells that secrete specific product

35
Q

what is an exocrine glands

A

exocrine glands connect surface with a duct such as an epithelial tube

36
Q

what is an endocrine gland

A

secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

37
Q

mixed organs do both what are three examples

A
  1. liver 2. gonads 3. pancreas
38
Q

cell number has two types what are they

A

unicellular and multicellular

39
Q

what are unicellular exocrine glands

A

are mucous and goblet cells

40
Q

multicellular exocrine glands are classified by

A

structure, mode of secretion

41
Q

what is secretion

A

a process of releasing product which is usually water-based fluid containing proteins

42
Q

what are the four types of glands

A
  1. serous glands
  2. mucous glands
  3. mixed glands
  4. cytogenic glands
43
Q

what are two differences between serous and mucous glands

A
  1. serous produce thin, watery secretions
  2. Mucous glands produce mucin that absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus
44
Q

what can mixed glands contain

A

contain both cell types

45
Q

cytogenic glands release

A

whole cells such as egg and sperm cells

46
Q

within the exocrine gland structure, what are three key features

A
  1. stroma - capsule and septa divide gland into lobes and lobules
  2. parenchyma - cells that secrete
  3. acinus - cluster of cells surrounding the duct draining those cells
47
Q

what’s a feature of holocrine secretion

A
  1. secretory cells disintegrate to deliver their accumulated product and is the oil-producing glands of the scalp
48
Q

merocrine secretion release

A

their product by exocystosis through tears, gastric glands

49
Q

apocrine secretion

A

visicles are produced by budding off plasma membrane of the secretory cell such as mammary glands and breast milk

50
Q

membrane types (3)

A

cutaneous membrane - skin
synovial membrane lines joint cavities - connective tissue layer
serous membrane serosa internal membrane

51
Q

what are 3 types of mucous membranes

A
  1. epithelium
  2. lamina
  3. propria
  4. muscularis mucosae
52
Q

what is the job of mucous traps

A

they trap and remove foreign particles and bacteria

52
Q

where are mucous membranes

A

they line passageways that open to the exterior

A&P I (5 decks)

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