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Embryology > Chapter 4- Third Week of Development > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Third Week of Development Flashcards

1
Q

4 General Events in 3rd week

A
  • Trilaminar disc
  • Primitive streak
  • Notochord
  • Germ layer differentiation
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2
Q

4 Events of Gastrulation

A
  • 3 Germ layers
  • Embryonic orientation
  • Trilaminar disc
  • morphogenesis begins
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3
Q

Embryonic ectoderm forms…

A 
CNS
PNS
Epidermis
Eyes
Inner Ear
Neural crest cells
Connective tissue of head
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4
Q

Embryonic Mesoderm forms…

A

Muscles
Blood cells
Linings of blood vessels and body cavities
Cardiovascular system
Organs of respiratory and excretory systems
Connective tissue (not head or limbs)

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5
Q

Embryonic Endoderm forms…

A

Epithelial linings of respiratory and alimentary systems

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6
Q

1st sign of gastrulation…

A

primitive streak

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7
Q

Cranial end of primitive streak

A

Primitive node

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8
Q

Primitive streak disappears by _________-

A

end of 4th week

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9
Q

Sacroccygeal teratoma

A

germ cell tumor that contains all 3 germ layers

female»males (80% of cases are in females)

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10
Q

Movement of primitive streak

A

caudal–>cranial

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11
Q

Cloacal membrane

A

future site of anus

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12
Q

Notochord

A
  • forms via Shh signaling
  • establishes the longitudinal axis
  • induces formation of neural plate
  • Aids in development of CNS and axial musculoskeletal system
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13
Q

Chordomas

A

Vestigal remnants of notochord tissues

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14
Q

Allantoic cyst

A

remnants of extraembryonic portions of allantois

may become inflamed in childhood/teens

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15
Q

Neurulation

A
  • Formation of neural plate, neural fold, and closure of neural folds to form neural tube
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16
Q

Neurulation ends at _____ with the ______

A
  • end of 4th week

- closure of the caudal neuropore

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17
Q

Neuroectoderm forms…

A 
CNS 
Brain
Spinal cord
Retina
Etc.
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18
Q

Neural plate invaginates and starts to form the neural tube at ________

A

~18 days

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19
Q

Neural Crest Cells form…

A
  • Sensory ganglia
  • Cranial Nerves V, VII, IX, and X
  • Pigment cells
  • Etc.
20
Q

Number of somites by days 26-32

A

38-39 pairs

21
Q

Number of somites by end of 5th week

A

42-44 pairs

22
Q

Intraembryonic coelom

A

body cavity- horseshoe shaped

23
Q

2 parts of mesoderm that form as a result of the intraembryonic coelom formation

A
  1. Somatic/parietal mesoderm

2. Splanchnic/visceral mesoderm

24
Q

Somatic/parietal mesoderm

A
  • Covers amnion

- Forms embryonic body wall

25
Q

Somatopleure

A

embryonic body wall

26
Q

Splanchnid/visceral mesoderm

A
  • covers umbilical vesicle

- forms embryonic gut

27
Q

Splanchnopleure

A

embryonic gut

28
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Formation of new vascular channel by assembly of angioblasts

29
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels through budding and branching off of pre-existing vessels

30
Q

Blood cells develop from ______

A

hemangiogenic epithelium

31
Q

Hematogenesis

A

blood formation

32
Q

Hematogenesis begins _____

A

~5th week

33
Q

Primordial heart tube forms from…

A

fusion of endocardial heart tubes

34
Q

Heart beat starts around

A

22 days

35
Q

Secondary chorionic villi

A

cover entire surface of chorionic sac

36
Q

Tertiary chorionic villi

A

have blood vessels

37
Q

Cytotrophoblastic shell

A

surround chorionic sac and attaches to endometrium

38
Q

stem villi aka anchoring villi

A

attach to maternal tissue via the cytotrophoblastic shell

39
Q

Branch villi

A

grow from sides of stem villi to allow for exchange

40
Q

Hydatiform mole

A

placenta without development of tertiary villi

have cystic spaces that appear grapelike

41
Q

Hydatiform mole characteristics

A
  • various degrees of trophoblastic proliferation
  • high hCG levels
  • 3-5% develop into malignancy
  • can develop after spontaneous abortion or after normal fetal delivery
42
Q

Choriocarcinomas

A

malignant trophoblastic lesions from hydatiform mole

43
Q

2 types of complete hydatidiform moles

A
  1. monospermatic mole

2. dispermic mole

44
Q

Monospermatic mole forms…

A

fertilization of an empty oocyte by 1 sperm that undergoes DNA replication

45
Q

Dispermic mole forms..

A

fertilization of empty oocyte by 2 sperm

46
Q

Partial hydatidiform mole forms

A

fertilization of a normal oocyte by 2 sperm

47
Q

General summary of end of 3rd week of development

A
  • bilaminar to trilaminar embryonic disc
  • gastrulation begins with primitive streak
  • oropharyngeal and cloacal membrane formed by end of 3rd week
  • notochord, neural crest cells, somites, and axial skeleton begin to form
  • Coelomic vesicle (body cavity precursor) forms
  • primordial heart forms
  • primary–>secondary–>tertiary chorionic villi form
  • cytotrophoblastic shell forms

Embryology (10 decks)

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