Chapter 4: The Cell in Action

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

The movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane

Question 3

Passive transport

Answer 3

The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 4

Active transport

Answer 4

The movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion ; requires cells to use energy

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into a cell

Question 6

facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

The diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins

Question 7

Photosynthesis

Answer 7

The process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

The process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; it releases carbon dioxide and water

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

The breakdown of sugars to makes ATP in place of oxygen

Question 10

Cell cycle

Answer 10

The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

Coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the nucleus during cell division

Question 12

Binary fission

Answer 12

Simple cell division where one cell splits into two; used by bacteria

Question 13

Homologous chromosome

Answer 13

Chromosomes with matching information

Question 14

Chromatids

Answer 14

Identical chromosome copies

Question 15

Centromere

Answer 15

Region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated

Question 16

Mitosis

Answer 16

Nuclear division in eukaryotes where the cells receives a copy of the original chromosomes

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

Process where the cytoplasm divides after mitosis

Question 18

isotonic solution

Answer 18

Solution that has the same amount of pressure as another solution inside and out of the cell

Question 19

Hypotonic solution

Answer 19

Solution that has a lower concentration outside than inside the cell

Question 20

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 20

Solution that has a higher concentration outside the cell than inside

Question 21

Exocytosis

Answer 21

Process used to remove large particles from a cell; vesicle containing the particle fuses with the cell membrane