Chapter 4 Test Techniques

Question 1

Black-box test technique

Answer 1

A procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure

Question 2

Boundary value analysis

Answer 2

a black-box test technique in which test cases are designed based on boundary values

Question 3

Checklist-based testing

Answer 3

An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a high-level list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product has to be verified.

Question 4

Coverage

Answer 4

The degree to which specified coverage items have been determined or have been exercised by a test suite expressed as a percentage

Question 5

Decision Coverage

Answer 5

The coverage of decision outcomes

Question 6

Decision Table Testing

Answer 6

A black-box test technique in which test cases are designed to execute the combinations of inputs and/or stimuli (causes) shown in a decision table

Question 7

Equivalence Partitioning

Answer 7

A black-box test technique in which test cases are designed to exercise equivalence partitions by using one representative member of each partition.

Question 8

Error guessing

Answer 8

A test technique in which tests are derived on the basis of the tester’s knowledge of past failures, or general knowledge of failure modes

Question 9

Experience-based test technique

Answer 9

A procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on the tester’s experience, knowledge, and intuition

Question 10

Exploratory testing

Answer 10

An approach to testing whereby the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on their knowledge, explration of the test item and results of previous tests

Question 11

State transition testing

Answer 11

A black-box technique using a stat transition diagram or state table to derive test cases to evaluate whether the test item successfully executes valid transitions and blocks invalid transitions.

Great for finding correct order of valid operations.

Question 12

Statement Coverage

Answer 12

The percentage of executable statements that have been exercised by a test suite

Question 13

Test technique

Answer 13

A procedure used to derive and or select test cases

Question 14

Use Case testing

Answer 14

A black-box test technique in which test cases are designed to execute scenarios of use cases

Question 15

White-box test technique

Answer 15

A procedure to derive and or select test cases based on an analysis of the internal structure of a component or system

Question 16

Categories of Test Techniques

Answer 16

Black-box
White-box
Experience-based

Question 17

Basis for Black-Box Techniques

Answer 17

Requirements (functional and non functional)
Specifications
Use Cases
User Stories

Question 18

Basis for White-Box Techniques

Answer 18

Code
Architecture
Detailed Design
Structure

Question 19

Basis for Experienced-based Techniques

Answer 19

Tester experience
Developer experience
User experience
Expected Use
Environment
Likely Defects
Distribution of defects

Question 20

Black-box test techniques

Answer 20

Equivalence Partitioning
Boundary Value Analysis
Decision Table Testing
State Transition Testing
Use Case Testing

Question 21

Partition

Answer 21

A set of data values processed in the same way or yielding a similar outcome or return value

Question 22

Valid Partition

Answer 22

A set of data values or conditions that are legal or accepted

Question 23

Invalid Partition

Answer 23

A set of data values or conditions that are illegal or not accepted and result in an error or exception condition

Question 24

Equivalence Partition Coverage

Answer 24

One test case for each partition or class (applicable to all test levels)

Question 25

Range Partition

Answer 25

Variable specifies a continuous or discrete range of values

Question 26

Set Partition

Answer 26

A set of at lease one valid and one invalid partition. If each member of a set yields the same result, the set is a single partition.
An invalid set partition is anything else not specified as a member of the valid set partition.

Question 27

Two Value Boundary Analysis

Answer 27

One test case for each invalid boundary and 1 test cases for each valid boundary.
The focus is on the actual boundary values themselves. 0|1 9|10

Question 28

Three Value Boundary Analysis

Answer 28

One Test case for each invalid boundary and 2 test cases for each valid boundary.
.99|1.00|1.01 8.99|9.00|9.01

Test equal to or greater than/ equal to less than instest of just equal to / less than

Question 29

Decision Table Analysis

Answer 29

Rows
Conditions - Various Inputs
Actions - Outcomes

Columns
Rules / Test Cases - each column represents a test case

Delete columns that do not affect the outcome.

Have at least one test case per decision rule in the table.

Question 30

Decision Table Coverage

Answer 30

Coverage is the number of decision rules tested by at least one test case / the total number of decision rules as a percentage.

Question 31

Decision Table Maximum Number of Rules Formula

Answer 31

Product of the number of choices for each rule
Claims : 4 values
Age : 2 values
Rules = 2x4 = 8 rules

Question 32

State Transition Testing Coverage

Answer 32

Percentage of identified states or transitions tested

Desired coverage is :
Each state
Each event that causes a transition
Each valid and invalid in the table

Question 33

Statement Coverage

Answer 33

Percentage of executable statements that have been exercised by a test suite

Question 34

Decision Coverage

Answer 34

The coverage of decision outcomes. The percentage of decision outcomes exercised by a test suite.

Question 35

Decision

Answer 35

A program point at which the control flow has 2 or more alternative routes. A note with 2 or more links to separate branches.
100 % decision coverage yields 100% statement coverage

Question 36

Statement Coverage

Answer 36

of nodes covered / total number of nodes

100% statement coverage doesnt necessarily yield 100% decision coverage