Chapter 4 Test Review Flashcards
what were the NWC fur collectors called?
Hivernants
NWC employees that used canoes were called…
voyageurs
The NWC was based in…?
Ontario
Describe the ‘Stay by the Bay’ policy
The stay by the bay policy encouraged Ojibwa, Cree and Assiniboin to bring their furs to the trading posts in exchange for goods
What is present day ‘NorthWest’?
Manitoba
How did the Métis emerge?
NWC encouraged marriage between Native daughters and traders so that they would gain a stronger tie with the Métis for trade loyalty
What was Lord Selkirk’s real name?
Thomas Douglas
Why was Thomas scott executed?
Thomas Scott was executed for threatening the life of Louis Riel
Explain the Orange Order
The orange order was a violent anti french, anti catholic and anti métis movement
Why would native women marry NWC traders?
Native women would marry NWC traders for a higher standard of living
Other than bison, what did the bison hunt provide the Métis with?
The bison hunt disciplined the Métis and fostered in them a big sense of community and pride
Describe Thomas Douglas
- founder of the Red River Colony
- 5th earl of Selkirk
- a liberal democrat
- convinced the HBC to give him land (‘Selkirk’s Grant’)
- didn’t think about métis
Describe Robert Semple
- arrived at the Red River Valley in the fall of 1815 with 85 new colonists
- attacked and burned NWC fort Gibraltar
- Semple and his men were killed during the Battle of the Seven oaks
Who was Grant Cuthbert?
- the first acknowledged leader of the métis
- started as a trader/clerk for NWC but quickly became a rising star
- helped to formulate NWC/métis plan to attack Selkirk settlers
- died in 1851
Who was George Simpson?
- arrived in Red River Valley in 1821
- made Grant ‘Warden of the Plains’
- was named Govenlr of HBC’s North Department in 1821
- in charge of all HBC operations in North America
- bride -> Frances who didn’t like Métis
- they became socially isolated
- he died in 1860
What religion were most of the Métis?
Most of the Métis were Roman Catholic
Why was the Red River Cart loud?
It was loud because it’s metal wheels rubbed against its wooden body
Why did the fur trade encourage the natives to move in to new areas?
Animal depletion was a big problem so they moved around to catch more animals
Louis Riel’s original job was a …
lawyer
When troops were sent to get riel where did he go?
Riel fled to the US for 15 years
What good things did the natives get from the fur trade?
The natives got guns, metals and cloth from the fur trade
Who was the leader of the Red River Valley in 1816?
Grant Cuthbert
Who was the Governor in 1816?
Robert Semple
What did the Métis supply the NWC with?
The métis supplied the NWC with pemmican
What currency did the HBC use?
beaver felt
What is bannock?
A kind of flatbread
Who was Doctor John Shultz?
- one of the first immigrants to arrive in 1860
- took over the newspaper ‘the NorWester’
- used this to hate against métis
Describe the Merger of the HBC and NWC
- by 1820, both companies were financial struggling
- 1821: they merged so that they could survive as companies
- HBC had 45 shares, NWC had 55
How did the HBC keep control of the new company?
- it was still cheaper to ship out furs through the Hudson Bay route
- 1825: Montreal partners from old NWC sold shares back to HBC
How did the natives become a bigger part of the fur trade after the merger?
- the HBC decided to reduce its workforce so the natives were now used as trappers, translators, guides and map makers
What does autocratic mean?
In a manner suggesting absolute power
What did the women do in the late 1840’s?
They helped with the grain harvest, processed wool and cleaned.
Which of the leaders were on the Métis side?
Louis Riel, Grant Cuthbert
Who was interested in creating a dominion of canada?
John A Macdonald and D’Arcy McGee
