Chapter 4 test

Question 1

1. When was the first referendum?
2. What was its topic
3. explain the topic (2 points)
4. Outcome of this referendum (which side one, leaders of sides)

Answer 1

1. 1980
2. Sovereignty association
3. • make Quebec independent
   • maintain economic ties with Canada
4. ‘No’ side (Pierre Trudeau) won 60/40 to ‘Yes’ side (Rene Levesque)

Question 2

1. In response to the first referendum, Trudeau created the constitution in what year?
2. Which provinces signed the agreement?
3. The consequence of this agreement being passed was…

Answer 2

1. 1982
2. All provinces except Quebec
3. Quebec had to abide by it, they were angered

Question 3

1. When did the Meech Lake Accord occur
2. Who was the Prime Minister
3. What did Quebec demand
4. Why did the Accord fail?

Answer 3

1. It occurred in 1987-1990
2. Brian Mulroney
3. Quebec demanded to be a distinct society with greater privileges
4. Newfoundland and Manitoba did not approve

Question 4

1. When was the Belanger-Compeau Commission
2. What did it investigate?
3. What did it recommend?

Answer 4

1. 1991
2. Quebec’s place in the constitution
3. Another referendum on Quebec’s sovereignty

Question 5

1. When was the Allaire report?
2. What did they believe should be held?

Answer 5

1. 1991
2. A second referendum (also Quebec’s jurisdiction should be increased)

Question 6

1. When was the Charlottetown Accord?
2. Brian Mulroney facilitated new const…
3. Was the Accord accepted by Canada and Quebec?

Answer 6

1. 1992
2. New constitutional negotiations
3. No, Canada and Quebec rejected

Question 7

1. When was the second referendum held
2. Who led the referendum?
3. Who was the prime minister at the time?
4. Did the yes or no side win?

Answer 7

1. 1995
2. Parizeau
3. Chretien
4. No side won (50.4% /49.6%)

Question 8

1. Post-second referendum, Chretien asked what of the supreme court
2. What was the Clarity Act? (2 things)
3. When was the Clarity Act passed?

Answer 8

1. He asked if Quebec separation is legal
   2.
   - Canada must approve the referendum question
   - 51% of votes must be obtained
2. 2000

Question 9

1. The 1982 constitution recognized… (about indigenous)

Answer 9

1. Their ancestral and treaty rights

Question 10

1. When did the Oka crisis occur?
2. What was the Oka crisis (summary)
3. Murder of who occurred?
4. Who was called in to deal with the issue?
5. Final outcome

Answer 10

1. 1990
2. The town wished to expand a golf course, but it was on Mohawk land, the Mohawk were angered and set up roadblocks.
3. Police officer
4. Military
5. Agreement for the golf course to not expand

Question 11

Agreements and commissions
1. 1985:
2. 1991:
3. 1999:
4. 2002:
5. 2008:

Answer 11

1. Levesque gov recognizes more indigenous rights
2. Indigenous should have the power of self-determination and participate in the creation of policies (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples)
3. Nunavut was Created to allow autonomous indigenous governance.
4. Agreement allowing Quebec gov to utilize indigenous lands for its resources (Paix de braves)
5. Mission to expose the horrors of residential schools (Truth and Reconciliation Commission)

Question 12

1. What occurred in the 1980s regarding Quebec economics? (Include percentage)
2. Gov actions during this time (2)
3. How did civil society groups feel?

Answer 12

1. A deep recession, unemployment was 12-15%
2. • cuts were made to social programs to reduce expenses
   • increased neo- liberalism (less gov intervention, more privatization)
3. They disagreed and wanted gov to reduce economic inequalities (more interventionist)

Question 13

1. What is NAFTA?
2. When was NAFTA?
3. What effect did this have on Quebec/Canada?

Answer 13

1. Trade agreement between Canada, USA, and Mexico (no tariffs on goods made in countries)
2. 1992-1994
3. Increased their globalization (more global trade such as iron ore, oil, and airplanes)

Question 14

What is Quebec Inc?

Answer 14

A group of francophone Quebec companies such as Bombardier, Provigo)

Question 15

What is social economy?

Answer 15

Seeks to help a community
Ex: hiring workers with disabilities

Question 16

Devitalization of rural communities
1. As cities grew in the 1980s, rural communities…
2. This is common in:
3. Cause:
4. With urbanization, small communities lose local services such as…
5. What happened to these regions? (2)

Answer 16

1. Decreased in population
2. Single-industry towns (such as mining, timber, etc.)
3. Recession of the 1980s (ex. Murdochville)
4. Banks, schools, post offices, etc.
5. Lost political weight, were eliminated in 2012

Question 17

Sociodemographic change
1. Since the baby boom, Quebec’s…
2. This has created…
3. consequences of this issue

Answer 17

1. The fertility rate has been falling (1.5-1.6 per woman)
2. An aging population (old ppl)
3. • difficult to replace them in labor force
   • medical care is expensive

Question 18

To combat the aging population and provide a better work-family balance, the gov has… (4 things)

Answer 18

1. Cheap child care services
2. Child support
3. Maternity and paternity leave
4. Cheaper schooling

Question 19

To meet labor needs, society has relied on immigration.
1. population change?
2. language change?

Answer 19

1. More diverse population
2. Laws passed favoring French-speaking immigrants & protecting against racism, etc.

Question 20

Religious neutrality
1. State action
2. What did certain religious groups ask for?
3. This was solved by: (give example)

Answer 20

1. No position on religion
2. Excessive religious accommodation
3. Public hearing held (ex. Bouchard-Taylor)

Question 21

Indigenous continue to struggle with… (2)

Answer 21

1. Inferior living conditions
2. Unhealthy diet

Question 22

Gender equality
1. In the 1980s, as more women entered the labor market, what did they desire?
2. Action for this… (include name, date, objective)
3. What is gender parity?
4. Action regarding gender parity?

Answer 22

1. Equal pay with men
2. Pay Equity Act, 1996, giving equal pay
3. Equal number of men and women in a business
4. in 2006, a law was passed guaranteeing parity on the board of directors of crown corps.

Question 23

Language Bills:
1. What Bill was proposed in 1977?
2. Its objective was…
3. Situation regarding Bill 101 in 1988?
4. Instead of Bill 101, gov used the notwithstanding clause to…
5. What Bill was passed in 1993? (+ it’s objective)

Answer 23

1. Bill 101
2. Allowing only French on signs
3. Supreme Court rules that it violates rights
4. Pass Bill 178 ( French only on outdoor signs)
5. Bill 86, which allowed English on signs if French was bigger.

Question 24

Bill 101 also kept…

Answer 24

Immigrants and Francophones out of English school

Question 25

Loopholes were closed in…
and this made 1 rule which was…

Answer 25

2009, attending a private English school for one year made a student eligible for English public school

Question 26

Most indigenous languages are in danger of…
This excludes…

Answer 26

Extinction, Inuit