Chapter 4 Study Guide

Question 1

the smallest particle of an element

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

the negatively charged particles

Answer 2

electrons

Question 3

a tiny region in the center of an atom

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus

Answer 4

protons

Question 5

the specific amount of energy it has

Answer 5

energy level

Question 6

a new particle that has no electric charge

Answer 6

neutron

Question 7

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 7

atomic number

Question 8

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 8

isotopes

Question 9

the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 9

mass number

Question 10

the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

Answer 10

atomic mass

Question 11

an arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties

Answer 11

periodic table

Question 12

the periodic table is organized in horizontal rows called ____

Answer 12

periods

Question 13

the vertical columns of the periodic table

Answer 13

groups

Question 14

a representation of an element usually consisting of one or two letters

Answer 14

chemical symbol

Question 15

elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat

Answer 15

metals

Question 16

one that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes

Answer 16

malleable

Question 17

one that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire

Answer 17

ductile

Question 18

the ability of an object to transfer heat

Answer 18

thermal conductivity

Question 19

the ability of an object to transfer electric current

Answer 19

electrical conductivity

Question 20

the ease and speed with which a substance reacts with other substances

Answer 20

reactivity

Question 21

the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction

Answer 21

corrosion

Question 22

the metals in Group 1, from lithium to francium

Answer 22

alkali metals

Question 23

the metals in Group 2, from beryllium to radium

Answer 23

alkaline earth metals

Question 24

the elements in groups 3-12

Answer 24

transition metals

Question 25

makes heavier elements

Answer 25

particle accelerators

Question 26

an element that lacks most of the properties of a metals

Answer 26

nonmetal

Question 27

a molecule that consists of two atoms

Answer 27

diatomic molecule

Question 28

“salt forming”

Answer 28

halogens

Question 29

the unreactive elements in Group 18

Answer 29

inert gases

Question 30

some properties of metals and some of typical non metals

Answer 30

semimetals

Question 31

substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions

Answer 31

semiconductors

Question 32

where the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy

Answer 32

radioactive decay

Question 33

being able to spontaneously emit radiation

Answer 33

radioactivity

Question 34

consists of two protons and two neutrons and is positively charged

Answer 34

alpha particle

Question 35

a fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay

Answer 35

beta particle

Question 36

consists of high-energy, similar to X-rays

Answer 36

gamma radiation

Question 37

radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process

Answer 37

tracers