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Psychology 101 > Chapter 4: States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Alpha wave

A
  • Resemble that of someone relaxed, but awake
  • Stage 1 of NREM
  • Synchronized
  • Low frequency, high amplitude
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2
Q

Beta wave

A
  • Brain waves characteristic during wakefulness
  • Low frequency, low amplitude
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3
Q

Biological rhythm

A

Internal cycle of biological activity

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4
Q

Cataplexy

A
  • Lack of muscle tone/muscle weakness,
  • Sometimes presents as paralysis
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5
Q

Central sleep apnea

A

Disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing

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6
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Biological rhythm that occurs approx. 24 hours

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7
Q

Codeine

A
  • Opiate
  • Low potency
  • Often prescribed for minor pain
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8
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A
  • Focuses on cognitive processes/problem behaviors
  • Used to treat sleep disorders
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9
Q

Collective unconscious

A
  • Theory developed by Carl Jung
  • Repository of info believed to be shared by everyone
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10
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness of internal & external stimuli

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11
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A
  • Device used to treat sleep apnea
  • Pumps air into the person’s airways,
    forcing it to remain open
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12
Q

Delta wave

A
  • Stage 3 of NREM
  • Lowest frequency, highest amplitude
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13
Q

Depressant

A
  • Drug that suppresses the CNS
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14
Q

Euphoric high

A

Feelings of elation and pleasure from drug use

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15
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Study of how patterns of behavior & cognitive processes evolved over time (due to natural selection)

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16
Q

Hallucinogen

A
  • Results in alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences
  • Characterized by hallucinations
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17
Q

Hypnosis

A
  • State of extreme self-focus and attention
  • No attention is given to external environment
  • Often led by a therapist
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18
Q

Insomnia

A
  • Consistent difficulty in falling/staying asleep
  • Must occur 3 nights a week for at least a month
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19
Q

Jet lag

A

Symptoms resulting from mismatch between internal circadian rhythms and environment

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20
Q

K-complex

A
  • High amplitude pattern of brain activity occurring due to environmental stimuli
  • Stage 2 of NREM
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21
Q

Latent content

A
  • Hidden meaning of a dream
  • Sigmund Freud
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22
Q

Lucid dream

A

When people are aware that they’re dreaming and can control the dream’s content

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23
Q

Manifest content

A
  • Storyline of events that occur during a dream
  • Sigmund Freud
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24
Q

Meditation

A

Clearing of the mind to achieve state of relaxed awareness & focus

25
Q

Melatonin

A
  • Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland
  • Serves as regulator of sleep-wake cycle
26
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Study that combines results of many related studies

27
Q

Methadone

A
  • Synthetic opioid
  • Used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
28
Q

Methamphetamine

A
  • Amphetamine made from pseudoephedrine (OTC drug)
  • Widely manufactured and abused
29
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleeper cannot resist falling to sleep at bad times

30
Q

Night terrors

A

Sleeper experiences panic and may scream/try escaping from their environment

31
Q

Non-REM (NREM)

A

Period of sleep outside periods of REM sleep

32
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

Occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep

33
Q

Opiate/opioid

A
  • Has strong analgesic properties
  • Opiates = natural opium
  • Heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine, etc
34
Q

Parasomnia

A
  • Group of sleep disorders
  • Characteristic of disruptive motor activity and experiences during sleep
35
Q

Physical dependence

A
  • Changes in normal bodily functions
  • Drug user experiences withdrawal
    symptoms
36
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • Endocrine structure located in brain
  • Releases melatonin
37
Q

Psychological dependence

A
  • Emotional need for a drug
  • Often used to relieve distress
38
Q

REM sleep

A
  • Rapid Eye Movement
  • Characterized by brain waves similar to
    that of wakefulness
  • Also by darting movements of eyes under eyelids
39
Q

REM Sleep Behavior Disorders (RBD)

A
  • Muscle paralysis does NOT occur
  • Sleepers have high levels of physical activity (especially during bad dreams)
40
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A
  • Sleeper has uncomfy sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep
  • Only relieved by moving legs
41
Q

Rotating shift work

A

Work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily/weekly basis

42
Q

Sleep

A

State marked by low levels of physical activity and sensory awareness

43
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Episodes during which breathing stops during sleep

44
Q

Sleep debt

A

Result of not enough sleep on a chronic basis

45
Q

Sleep rebound

A

Sleep-deprived individuals sleep for short periods of time whenever they can

46
Q

Sleep regulation

A
  • Brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness
  • Coordinates cycle with outside world
47
Q

Sleep spindle

A
  • Rapid burst of high frequency brain waves
  • Stage 2 during
  • Important in learning and memory
48
Q

Sleepwalking

A
  • Somnambulism
  • Sleeper engages in complex behaviors
49
Q

Stage 1 sleep

A
  • Transitional phase occurring between wakefulness and sleep
  • Period in which a person drifts off to sleep
50
Q

Stage 2 sleep

A
  • Body goes into deep relaxation
  • Characterized by appearance of
    sleep spindles
51
Q

Stage 3 sleep

A
  • Deep sleep
  • Low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
52
Q

Stimulants

A
  • Increase overall levels of neural activity
  • Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, et
53
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A
  • An infant with no medical conditions suddenly dies during sleep
  • Occurs in infants less than a y/o
54
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

Area of hypothalamus in which body’s biological clock is located

55
Q

Theta waves

A
  • End of stage 1 NREM sleep
  • Low amplitude, low frequency
56
Q

Tolerance

A

Requiring higher quantities of drug to gain desired effect

57
Q

Wakefulness

A

High levels of sensory awareness, thought, behavior

58
Q

Withdrawl

A

Variety of symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

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