Chapter 4: Speech Science Flashcards
Central Nervous System
-Brain/Cerebrum -Spinal Cord -Cerebellum -Brainstem
Cerebrum parts
-Corpus Callosum -Thalamus -Basal Ganglia -Hypothalamus -Amygdala -Hippocampus
Which side of the Brain deals with words and language?
Left Brain
Brain Stem
-Midbrain -Pons -Medulla
Midbrain Damages
- Coma
- Parkinson’s
Pons Damages
- Coma
- sleep disorder
- increased stress and anxiety levels
Medulla Damages
- spinal cord injuries
- impact feeding tubes
- breathing and heart function
- swallowing
Spinal Cord
-areas associated with location in vertebral column
Peripheral NS
-Cranial Nerves -Spinal Nerves
Motor Pathways
-Upper Motor Neurons -Lower Motor Neurons -Pyramidal Pathway -Extrapyramidal Pathway
Pyramidal Pathways
- travels through pyramids in the medulla
- deals with FINE motor movements, small muscle groups
Extrapyramidal Pathways
- do NOT enter pyramids in Medulla, these are those that do not cross over
- deals with GROSS motor movements, large muscle groups
Contrallateral Innervation
- one area directing the other
- (Left controls RIght, Right controls Left)
Respiratory System
-Lungs -Rib cage -Air Passageways -Diaphragm
How many pairs of Ribs do we have?
12 pairs;
- 1-7 true vertebrae (sternum)
- 8-10 false vertebrae (cartilage)
- 11-12 floating vertebrae (spinal cord)
Respiratory Cycle
-Boyle’s Law -Law of Gases -Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
Inhalation of Air -Increase in lung vol -decrease in Lung pressure -Increase in air pressure outside the body
Expiration
Exhalation -Decrease in lung vol -Increase in lung pressure -Decrease in air pressure outside the body
Muscles of Respiration
Inspiratory -diaphragm -external intercostals Expiratory -Internal intercostals
Bernoulli effect
-when the speed of airflow along a surface increases, the air pressure against that surface decreases. -as air rushes out btw the VF’s when they are blown apart, the pressure against their surfaces reduces, and they are sucked back together by the partial vacuum that is created. -the cycle repeats
4 Lobes of the Brain
-Frontal -Parietal -Temporal -Occipital
Frontal lobe
-speech production -motor movement -cognition
Parietal lobe
-sensory language
Temporal
-hearing -receptive language -Wornicke’s ?
Occipital lobes
-vision
How many spinal nerves do we have?
31 spinal nerves
of sacral vertebrae
5 pelvic
Types of Vertebrae
-Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacral -Coccygeal
of cervical vertebrae
7 neck
of thoracic vertebrae
12 chest
of lumbar vertebrae
5 lower back
of coccygeal vertebrae
1 tailbone
Aerodynamic Myoelastic Theory
Myo- means muscle; the vocal folds, after all, are mostly comprised of muscle tissue. The -elastic suffix serves to remind us that the vocal fold is elastic and that we have active control over its elastic properties
Perceptual Quality
how you sound to the ear of the listener
Phonation: Subglottal Pressure
important in vocalization, particlarly in sounds that use opening and closing of the glottis.
