Chapter 4: Social Emotional Development Flashcards
Attachment
a close emotional bond to a person
John Bowlby
humans are biologically programmed to attach and that a primary attachment figure is crucial to healthy development
Proximity-seeking
when we feel threatened, we seek our primary attachment figure
Social referencing
infants check with caregiver for how to react to new situations
Preattachment (0-3 mns):
- no signs
- 2 months: social smile (reflexive to a face)
Attachment in the making
(4-7 mns)
- cortex is coming on line
- slight preference to a primary caregiver
Clear cut attachment (7 mns- 3 yrs)
Separation anxiety and stranger anxiety
Synchrony
coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant that starts the process of attachment
Still face technique
if a caregiver stops interacting…infants don’t like it!
Strange Situation
Performed when infant is around 1 year old
1) if the infant explores toys
2) the infant’s reaction to caregiver’s return after absence
Secure
Explores toys, responds with joy to caregiver’s return
Anxious-ambivalent
clingy, little exploration, often inconsolable at return
Avoidant
detached, little feeling, un-reactive to return
Disorganized
bizarre, scared (often abused)
Temperament
a person’s inborn style of dealing with the world
- Difficult, reactive infants are more likely to be insecure. However, a sensitive, responsive parent can create a secure attachment!
Intergenerationally
we imitate our own parents’ styles
- Depressed, disengaged, rejecting parents are more likely to have insecure attachments with an infant.
Efe tribe
an infant is cared for by the whole community, but sleeps with mom. Mom becomes the primary attachment figure.
Secure attachment
correlated with happy, successful children
- The link is weaker with time. Life changes may alter
working model
- Divorce, death, etc
Low income:
minimum income for a family to make ends meet (twice the poverty line)
- Almost 20% of U.S. children < 18 yrs live in poverty, 43% are low income.
- Being a single parent is a major cause (5 times the rate of married families) `
Low-income families are less likely to:
- Have access to resources (health care, educational opportunities) =Graduate from high school - They are more likely to: Have poorer nutrition Adopt a strict parenting style Live in a dangerous neighborhood Attend poorer quality schools
Project Head Start
federally funded program begun in 1965 to improve achievement in 3-5 yr olds
Early Head Start:
0-3 yrs
