Chapter 4: Social Emotional Development

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

a close emotional bond to a person

Question 2

John Bowlby

Answer 2

humans are biologically programmed to attach and that a primary attachment figure is crucial to healthy development

Question 3

Proximity-seeking

Answer 3

when we feel threatened, we seek our primary attachment figure

Question 4

Social referencing

Answer 4

infants check with caregiver for how to react to new situations

Question 5

Preattachment (0-3 mns):

Answer 5

• no signs

- 2 months: social smile (reflexive to a face)

Question 6

Attachment in the making

Answer 6

(4-7 mns)

• cortex is coming on line
• slight preference to a primary caregiver

Question 7

Clear cut attachment (7 mns- 3 yrs)

Answer 7

Separation anxiety and stranger anxiety

Question 8

Synchrony

Answer 8

coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant that starts the process of attachment

Question 9

Still face technique

Answer 9

if a caregiver stops interacting…infants don’t like it!

Question 10

Strange Situation

Answer 10

Performed when infant is around 1 year old

1) if the infant explores toys
2) the infant’s reaction to caregiver’s return after absence

Question 11

Secure

Answer 11

Explores toys, responds with joy to caregiver’s return

Question 12

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer 12

clingy, little exploration, often inconsolable at return

Question 13

Avoidant

Answer 13

detached, little feeling, un-reactive to return

Question 14

Disorganized

Answer 14

bizarre, scared (often abused)

Question 15

Temperament

Answer 15

a person’s inborn style of dealing with the world
- Difficult, reactive infants are more likely to be insecure. However, a sensitive, responsive parent can create a secure attachment!

Question 16

Intergenerationally

Answer 16

we imitate our own parents’ styles

- Depressed, disengaged, rejecting parents are more likely to have insecure attachments with an infant.

Question 17

Efe tribe

Answer 17

an infant is cared for by the whole community, but sleeps with mom. Mom becomes the primary attachment figure.

Question 18

Secure attachment

Answer 18

correlated with happy, successful children
- The link is weaker with time. Life changes may alter
working model
- Divorce, death, etc

Question 19

Low income:

Answer 19

minimum income for a family to make ends meet (twice the poverty line)

• Almost 20% of U.S. children < 18 yrs live in poverty, 43% are low income.
• Being a single parent is a major cause (5 times the rate of married families) `

Question 20

Low-income families are less likely to:

Answer 20

- Have access to resources (health care, educational opportunities)
=Graduate from high school
- They are more likely to: 
Have poorer nutrition
Adopt a strict parenting style
Live in a dangerous neighborhood  
Attend poorer quality schools

Question 21

Project Head Start

Answer 21

federally funded program begun in 1965 to improve achievement in 3-5 yr olds

Question 22

Early Head Start:

Answer 22

0-3 yrs