Chapter 4- Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

A persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

Question 2

waking consciousness

Answer 2

State in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert

Question 3

altered state of consciousness

Answer 3

State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

Question 4

circadian rhythm

Answer 4

A cycle of bodily rhythms that occurs over a 24-hour period

Question 5

Microsleeps

Answer 5

brief side steps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

Question 6

sleep deprivation

Answer 6

any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

Question 7

adaptive theory

Answer 7

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping one predators are most active

Question 8

restorative theory

Answer 8

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

Question 9

rapid eye movement (REM)

Answer 9

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids in the person is typically experiencing a dream

Question 10

non-REM (NREM) sleep

Answer 10

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

Question 11

alpha waves

Answer 11

brainwave that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

Question 12

theta waves

Answer 12

Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

Question 13

Delta waves

Answer 13

Long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

Question 14

REM paralysis

Answer 14

The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

Question 15

REM rebound

Answer 15

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

Question 16

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 16

an episode, occurring during stages three and four of sleep, moving around or walking around in ones sleep

Question 17

REM behavior disorder

Answer 17

A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles bills, allowing the person to do rash around and even get up and act out nightmares

Question 18

Night terrors

Answer 18

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

Question 19

insomnia

Answer 19

The inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

Question 20

sleep apnea

Answer 20

disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute

Question 21

narcolepsy

Answer 21

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

Question 22

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Answer 22

explanation that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brainstem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods

Question 23

activation-information-Mode model (AIM)

Answer 23

revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is access during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

Question 24

meditation

Answer 24

mental series of exercises meant to re-focus attention and achieve a trance like state of consciousness

Question 25

hypnosis

Answer 25

State of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion

Question 26

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

Answer 26

theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized or not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

Question 27

psychoactive drugs

Answer 27

drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory

Question 28

stimulants

Answer 28

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

Question 29

depressants

Answer 29

drug that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

Question 30

narcotics

Answer 30

A class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to an stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins

Question 31

hallucinogenics

Answer 31

drugs including synthesize hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

Question 32

amphetamines

Answer 32

stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories rather than being found in nature

Question 33

cocaine

Answer 33

A natural drug derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant

Question 34

between

Answer 34

The active ingredient in tobacco

Question 35

caffeine

Answer 35

A mild stimulant phone and coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances

Question 36

barbiturates

Answer 36

person drugs that have a sedative effect

Question 37

benzodiazepines

Answer 37

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

Question 38

alcohol

Answer 38

The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

Question 39

opium

Answer 39

substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived

Question 40

morphine

Answer 40

narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain

Question 41

heroin

Answer 41

narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

Question 42

hallucinogens

Answer 42

drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

Question 43

LSD (lysergic acid dythylamide)

Answer 43

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

Question 44

PCP

Answer 44

synthesize drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

Question 45

MDMA (Ecstasy or X)

Answer 45

designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

Question 46

stimulatory hallucinogenics

Answer 46

drugs that produce a mixture of psycho motor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

Question 47

mescaline

Answer 47

natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus buttons

Question 48

Psilocybin

Answer 48

natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

Question 49

marijuana

Answer 49

mild hallucinogen, also known as pot or weed, derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

Question 50

physical dependence

Answer 50

condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

Question 51

withdrawl

Answer 51

physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

Question 52

psychological dependence

Answer 52

The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being