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Psychology Chapter 4 > Chapter 4- Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

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2
Q

waking consciousness

A

State in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert

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3
Q

altered state of consciousness

A

State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

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4
Q

circadian rhythm

A

A cycle of bodily rhythms that occurs over a 24-hour period

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5
Q

Microsleeps

A

brief side steps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

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6
Q

sleep deprivation

A

any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

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7
Q

adaptive theory

A

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping one predators are most active

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8
Q

restorative theory

A

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

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9
Q

rapid eye movement (REM)

A

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids in the person is typically experiencing a dream

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10
Q

non-REM (NREM) sleep

A

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

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11
Q

alpha waves

A

brainwave that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

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12
Q

theta waves

A

Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

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13
Q

Delta waves

A

Long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

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14
Q

REM paralysis

A

The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

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15
Q

REM rebound

A

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

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16
Q

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

A

an episode, occurring during stages three and four of sleep, moving around or walking around in ones sleep

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17
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles bills, allowing the person to do rash around and even get up and act out nightmares

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18
Q

Night terrors

A

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

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19
Q

insomnia

A

The inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

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20
Q

sleep apnea

A

disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

22
Q

activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

explanation that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brainstem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods

23
Q

activation-information-Mode model (AIM)

A

revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is access during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

24
Q

meditation

A

mental series of exercises meant to re-focus attention and achieve a trance like state of consciousness

25
Q

hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion

26
Q

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

A

theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized or not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

27
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory

28
Q

stimulants

A

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

29
Q

depressants

A

drug that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

30
Q

narcotics

A

A class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to an stimulating the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins

31
Q

hallucinogenics

A

drugs including synthesize hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

32
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories rather than being found in nature

33
Q

cocaine

A

A natural drug derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant

34
Q

between

A

The active ingredient in tobacco

35
Q

caffeine

A

A mild stimulant phone and coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances

36
Q

barbiturates

A

person drugs that have a sedative effect

37
Q

benzodiazepines

A

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

38
Q

alcohol

A

The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

39
Q

opium

A

substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived

40
Q

morphine

A

narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain

41
Q

heroin

A

narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

42
Q

hallucinogens

A

drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

43
Q

LSD (lysergic acid dythylamide)

A

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

44
Q

PCP

A

synthesize drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

45
Q

MDMA (Ecstasy or X)

A

designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

46
Q

stimulatory hallucinogenics

A

drugs that produce a mixture of psycho motor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

47
Q

mescaline

A

natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus buttons

48
Q

Psilocybin

A

natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

49
Q

marijuana

A

mild hallucinogen, also known as pot or weed, derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

50
Q

physical dependence

A

condition occurring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

51
Q

withdrawl

A

physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

52
Q

psychological dependence

A

The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

Psychology Chapter 4 (1 decks)

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